The split decomposition of a tridiagonal pair

Abstract: Let

K

denote a field and let

V

denote a vector space over

K

with finite positive dimension. We consider a pair of linear transformations

A : V o V

and

A^{*} : V o V

that satisfy (i)--(iv) below: (i) Each of

A

,

A^{*}

is diagonalizable. (ii) There exists an ordering

V_{0}, V_{1}, ..., V_{d}

of the eigenspaces of

A

such that

A^{*} V_{i} s u b s e t e q V_{i - 1} + V_{i} + V_{i + 1}

for

0 l e q i l e q d

, where

V_{- 1} = 0

,

V_{d + 1} = 0

. (iii) There exists an ordering

V_{0}^{*}, V_{1}^{*}, ..., V_{d e l t a}^{*}

of the eigenspaces of

A^{*}

such that

A V_{i}^{*} s u b s e t e q V_{i - 1}^{*} + V_{i}^{*} + V_{i + 1}^{*}

for

0 l e q i l e q d e l t a

, where

V_{- 1}^{*} = 0

,

V_{d e l t a + 1}^{*} = 0

. (iv) There is no subspace

W

of

V

such that both

A W s u b s e t e q W

,

A^{*} W s u b s e t e q W

, other than W=0 and

W = V

. We call such a pair a tridiagonal pair on

V

. In this note we obtain two results. First, we show that each of

A, A^{*}

is determined up to affine transformation by the

V_{i}

and

V_{i}^{*}

. Secondly, we characterize the case in which the

V_{i}

and

V_{i}^{*}

all have dimension one. We prove both results using a certain decomposition of

V

called the split decomposition.

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