Leonard pairs and the q-Racah polynomials

DOI10.1016/J.LAA.2004.02.014zbMATH Open1075.05090arXivmath/0306301OpenAlexW2025255843MaRDI QIDQ1434397FDOQ1434397

Authors: Paul Terwilliger 

Publication date: 4 August 2004

Published in: Linear Algebra and its Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: Let $K$ denote a field and let $V$ denote a vector space over $K$ with finite positive dimension. We consider an ordered pair of linear transformations $A:VoV$ and $A^{*}:VoV$ that satisfy conditions (i), (ii) below. (i) There exists a basis for $V$ with respect to which the matrix representing $A$ is irreducible tridiagonal and the matrix representing $A^{\ast }$ is diagonal. (ii) There exists a basis for $V$ with respect to which the matrix representing $A$ is diagonal and the matrix representing $A^{\ast }$ is irreducible tridiagonal. We call such a pair a {it Leonard pair} on $V$. We discuss a correspondence between Leonard pairs and a class of orthogonal polynomials consisting of the $q$-Racah polynomials and some related polynomials of the Askey scheme. For the polynomials in this class we obtain the 3-term recurrence, difference equation, Askey-Wilson duality, and orthogonality in a uniform manner using the corresponding Leonard pair.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0306301

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zbMATH Keywords

Askey-Wilson polynomialsAskey schemeLeonard pair\(q\)-Racah polynomialTridiagonal pair

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Association schemes, strongly regular graphs (05E30) Orthogonal polynomials and functions of hypergeometric type (Jacobi, Laguerre, Hermite, Askey scheme, etc.) (33C45) Basic orthogonal polynomials and functions (Askey-Wilson polynomials, etc.) (33D45) Linear transformations, semilinear transformations (15A04)

Cited In (92)

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• Double lowering operators on polynomials
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• Notes on the Leonard system classification
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• Grassmann graphs, degenerate DAHA, and non-symmetric dual \(q\)-Hahn polynomials
• The universal DAHA of type \((C_1^\vee, C_1)\) and Leonard pairs of \(q\)-Racah type
• Exactly solvable birth and death processes
• \(q\)-inverting pairs of shape \(1,2,1\)
• The q-Racah polynomials from scalar products of Bethe states
• Scaling limits for the Gibbs states on distance-regular graphs with classical parameters
• Diagonalization of the Heun-Askey-Wilson operator, Leonard pairs and the algebraic Bethe ansatz
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• Higher rank relations for the Askey-Wilson and \(q\)-Bannai-Ito algebra
• Thin Hessenberg pairs and double Vandermonde matrices
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• Totally bipartite Leonard pairs and totally bipartite Leonard triples of \(q\)-Racah type
• Mock tridiagonal systems
• A bispectral \textit{q-}hypergeometric basis for a class of quantum integrable models
• Towards a classification of the tridiagonal pairs
• The structure of a tridiagonal pair
• \(Q\)-polynomial distance-regular graphs and a double affine Hecke algebra of rank one
• On the shape of a tridiagonal pair
• Tridiagonal pairs and the \(\mu \)-conjecture
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• The shape of a tridiagonal pair.
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• Idempotent systems
• Circular Hessenberg pairs
• Bidiagonal pairs, the Lie algebra \(\mathfrak{sl}_2\), and the quantum group \(U_q(\mathfrak{sl}_2)\)
• A family of tridiagonal pairs
• The Leonard triples with quantum parameter being not a unit root
• Introduction to Leonard pairs.
• Irreducible modules for the quantum affine algebra \(U_{q}(\mathfrak {\widehat{sl}_2})\) and its Borel subalgebra
• Exact and limiting distributions in diagonal Pólya processes
• The split decomposition of a tridiagonal pair
• Sharp tridiagonal pairs
• The quantum algebra \(U_q(\mathfrak{sl}_2)\) and its equitable presentation
• \(p\)-inverting pairs of linear transformations and the \(q\)-tetrahedron algebra
• The Terwilliger algebra of the twisted Grassmann graph: the thin case
• Tridiagonal pairs and the quantum affine algebra \(U_q(\widehat{\text{sl}}_2)\).
• Theq-Onsager algebra and multivariableq-special functions
• Leonard pairs from 24 points of view.
• Evaluation modules for the \(q\)-tetrahedron algebra
• Finite-Dimensional Irreducible Modules for the Three-Point 2 Loop Algebra
• Tridiagonal pairs of Krawtchouk type
• The end-parameters of a Leonard pair
• Some trace formulae involving the split sequences of a Leonard pair
• Three mutually adjacent Leonard pairs
• The switching element for a Leonard pair
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• A characterization of Leonard pairs using the parameters \(\{a_i\}^d_{i=0}\)
• Linear transformations that are tridiagonal with respect to both eigenbases of a Leonard pair
• Modular Leonard triples
• Leonard triples and hypercubes
• Leonard triples of \(q\)-Racah type and their pseudo intertwiners
• Self-dual Leonard pairs
• TWO NON-NILPOTENT LINEAR TRANSFORMATIONS THAT SATISFY THE CUBIC q-SERRE RELATIONS
• Nonsymmetric Askey-Wilson polynomials and \(Q\)-polynomial distance-regular graphs
• Two linear transformations each tridiagonal with respect to an eigenbasis of the other; comments on the parameter array
• Tridiagonal pairs of \(q\)-Racah-type and the \(q\)-tetrahedron algebra
• Transition maps between the 24 bases for a Leonard pair
• Two linear transformations each tridiagonal with respect to an eigenbasis of the other; the TD-D canonical form and the LB-UB canonical form
• Distance-regular graphs of \(q\)-Racah type and the \(q\)-tetrahedron algebra
• Commutative association schemes
• Matrix units associated with the split basis of a Leonard pair
• A bilinear form relating two Leonard systems
• Cyclic tridiagonal pairs, higher order Onsager algebras and orthogonal polynomials
• Normalized Leonard pairs and Askey--Wilson relations
• Tridiagonal pairs and the \(q\)-tetrahedron algebra
• Orthogonal polynomials from Hermitian matrices

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