Leonard triples and hypercubes

Abstract: Let

V

denote a vector space over C with finite positive dimension. By a {em Leonard triple} on

V

we mean an ordered triple of linear operators on

V

such that for each of these operators there exists a basis of

V

with respect to which the matrix representing that operator is diagonal and the matrices representing the other two operators are irreducible tridiagonal. Let

D

denote a positive integer and let

Q_{D}

denote the graph of the

D

-dimensional hypercube. Let

X

denote the vertex set of

Q_{D}

and let

A

denote the adjacency matrix of

Q_{D}

. Fix

x i n X

and let

A^{*}

denote the corresponding dual adjacency matrix. Let

T

denote the subalgebra of

M a t_{X} (C)

generated by

A, A^{*}

. We refer to

T

as the {em Terwilliger algebra of}

Q_{D}

{em with respect to}

x

. The matrices

A

and

A^{*}

are related by the fact that

2 i m A = A^{*} A^{e} - A^{e} A^{*}

and

2 i m A^{*} = A^{e} A - A A^{e}

, where

2 i m A^{e} = A A^{*} - A^{*} A

and

i m^{2} = - 1

. We show that the triple

A

,

A^{*}

,

A^{e}

acts on each irreducible

T

-module as a Leonard triple. We give a detailed description of these Leonard triples.

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