The end-parameters of a Leonard pair

DOI10.1016/J.LAA.2014.08.004zbMATH Open1297.05267arXiv1408.2180OpenAlexW2018656183MaRDI QIDQ741501FDOQ741501

Authors: Kazumasa Nomura 

Publication date: 12 September 2014

Published in: Linear Algebra and its Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: Fix an algebraically closed field $F$ and an integer $dgeq3$. Let $V$ be a vector space over $F$ with dimension $d+1$. A Leonard pair on $V$ is a pair of diagonalizable linear transformations $A:VoV$ and $A^{*}:VoV$, each acting in an irreducible tridiagonal fashion on an eigenbasis for the other one. There is an object related to a Leonard pair called a Leonard system. It is known that a Leonard system is determined up to isomorphism by a sequence of scalars $({h_i}_{i=0}^d,{h_i^{\ast }}_{i=0}^d,{vph{i}_i}_{i=1}^d,{ph{i}_i}_{i=1}^d)$, called its parameter array. The scalars ${h_i}_{i=0}^d$ (resp. ${h_i^{*}}_{i=0}^d$) are mutually distinct, and the expressions $(h_{i-2}-h_{i+1})/(h_{i-1}-h_i)$, $(h_{i-2}^{\ast }-h_{i+1}^{\ast })/(h_{i-1}^{\ast }-h_i^{\ast })$ are equal and independent of $i$ for $2leqileqd-1$. Write this common value as $$. In the present paper, we consider the "end-parameters" $h_0$, $h_d$, $h_0^{\ast }$, $h_d^{\ast }$, $vph{i}_1$, $vph{i}_d$, $ph{i}_1$, $ph{i}_d$ of the parameter array. We show that a Leonard system is determined up to isomorphism by the end-parameters and $$. We display a relation between the end-parameters and $$. Using this relation, we show that there are up to inverse at most $lfloor(d-1)/2floor$ Leonard systems that have specified end-parameters. The upper bound $lfloor(d-1)/2floor$ is best possible.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1408.2180

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zbMATH Keywords

tridiagonal matrixtridiagonal pairLeonard pair

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Association schemes, strongly regular graphs (05E30) Orthogonal polynomials and functions of hypergeometric type (Jacobi, Laguerre, Hermite, Askey scheme, etc.) (33C45) Basic orthogonal polynomials and functions (Askey-Wilson polynomials, etc.) (33D45)

Cites Work

• Title not available (Why is that?)
• Leonard pairs from 24 points of view.
• Two linear transformations each tridiagonal with respect to an eigenbasis of the other
• An algebraic approach to the Askey scheme of orthogonal polynomials
• Two linear transformations each tridiagonal with respect to an eigenbasis of the other; comments on the parameter array
• Affine transformations of a Leonard pair
• Some trace formulae involving the split sequences of a Leonard pair
• Balanced Leonard pairs

Cited In (4)

• Leonard pairs having specified end-entries
• Self-dual Leonard pairs
• Two linear transformations each tridiagonal with respect to an eigenbasis of the other; comments on the parameter array
• Title not available (Why is that?)

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