The q-Onsager algebra and the positive part of U_q(sl₂)

Abstract: The positive part

U_{q}^{+}

of

U_{q} ({w i d e h a t m a t h f r a k s l}_{2})

has a presentation by two generators

X, Y

that satisfy the

q

-Serre relations. The

q

-Onsager algebra

m a t h c a l O_{q}

has a presentation by two generators

A, B

that satisfy the

q

-Dolan/Grady relations. We give two results that describe how

U_{q}^{+}

and

m a t h c a l O_{q}

are related. First, we consider the filtration of

m a t h c a l O_{q}

whose

n

th component is spanned by the products of at most

n

generators. We show that the associated graded algebra is isomorphic to

U_{q}^{+}

. Second, we introduce an algebra

s q u a r e_{q}

and show how it is related to both

U_{q}^{+}

and

m a t h c a l O_{q}

. The algebra

s q u a r e_{q}

is defined by generators and relations. The generators are

l b r a c e x_{i} b r a c e_{i i n m a t h b b Z_{4}}

where

m a t h b b Z_{4}

is the cyclic group of order 4. For

i i n m a t h b b Z_{4}

the generators

x_{i}, x_{i + 1}

satisfy a

q

-Weyl relation, and

x_{i}, x_{i + 2}

satisfy the

q

-Serre relations. We show that

s q u a r e_{q}

is related to

U_{q}^{+}

in the following way. Let

s q u a r e_{q}^{m e v e n}

(resp.

s q u a r e_{q}^{m o d d}

) denote the subalgebra of

s q u a r e_{q}

generated by

x_{0}, x_{2}

(resp.

x_{1}, x_{3}

). We show that (i) there exists an algebra isomorphism

U_{q}^{+} o s q u a r e_{q}^{m e v e n}

that sends

X m a p s t o x_{0}

and

Y m a p s t o x_{2}

; (ii) there exists an algebra isomorphism

U_{q}^{+} o s q u a r e_{q}^{m o d d}

that sends

X m a p s t o x_{1}

and

Y m a p s t o x_{3}

; (iii) the multiplication map

s q u a r e_{q}^{m e v e n} o t i m e s s q u a r e_{q}^{m o d d} o s q u a r e_{q}

,

u o t i m e s v m a p s t o u v

is an isomorphism of vector spaces. We show that

s q u a r e_{q}

is related to

m a t h c a l O_{q}

in the following way. For nonzero scalars

a, b

there exists an injective algebra homomorphism

m a t h c a l O_{q} o s q u a r e_{q}

that sends

A m a p s t o a x_{0} + a^{- 1} x_{1}

and

B m a p s t o b x_{2} + b^{- 1} x_{3}

.

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