An algebraic characterization of the affine canonical basis
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Publication:1974952
Abstract: The canonical basis for quantized universal enveloping algebras associated to the finite--dimensional simple Lie algebras, was introduced by Lusztig. The principal technique is the explicit construction (via the braid group action) of a lattice over . This allows the algebraic characterization of the canonical basis as a certain bar-invariant basis of . Here we present a similar algebraic characterization of the affine canonical basis. Our construction is complicated by the need to introduce basis elements to span the ``imaginary subalgebra which is fixed by the affine braid group. Once the basis is found we construct a PBW-type basis whose -span reduces to a ``crystal basis at with the imaginary component given by the Schur functions.
The canonical basis of the quantized universal enveloping algebra associated to a simple finite dimensional Lie algebra was introduced by \textit{G. Lusztig} [J. Am. Math. Soc. 3, 447-498 (1990; Zbl 0703.17008)] via an elementary algebraic definition, characterized by three main components. This algebraic definition does not work for quantized universal enveloping algebras of arbitrary Kac-Moody algebras. In this paper, the authors synthesize the two aforementioned techniques and construct a crystal basis for the quantized universal enveloping algebra of untwisted affine type, and then give an elementary algebraic characterization of the canonical basis analogous to the characterization given in the finite-type case (loc. cit.). A remarkable feature of the authors construction is that the part of the crystal basis corresponding to the imaginary root spaces is given by Schur functions in the Heisenberg generators.
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