Optimal choices of reference for a quasi-local energy

DOI10.1016/J.PHYSLETA.2010.07.004MaRDI QIDQ420437zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Ming-Fan Wu, Chiang-Mei Chen, Jian-Liang Liu, James M. Nester

Publication date 22 May 2012

Published in Physics Letters. A (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/0909.2754

zbMATH Keywords

covariant HamiltonianHamiltonian boundary termquasi-local energyreference spacetime

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Lagrangian formalism and Hamiltonian formalism in mechanics of particles and systems (70S05) Einstein's equations (general structure, canonical formalism, Cauchy problems) (83C05) Classes of solutions; algebraically special solutions, metrics with symmetries for problems in general relativity and gravitational theory (83C20)

Abstract: We have proposed a program for determining the reference for the quasi-local energy defined in the covariant Hamiltonian formalism. Our program has been tested by applying it to the spherically symmetric spacetimes. With respect to different observers we found that the quasi-local energy can be positive, zero, or even negative. The observer measuring the maximum energy was identified; the associated energy is positive for both the Schwarzschild and the Friedmann-Lema^{i}tre-Robertson-Walker spacetimes.

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• Quasi-local energy and the choice of reference
• QUASI-LOCAL ENERGY FOR COSMOLOGICAL MODELS
• Quasi-local energy with respect to de Sitter/anti-de Sitter reference
• Quasi-local energy from a Minkowski reference

Cites work

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Cited in

(9)

• Quasi-local energy for spherically symmetric spacetimes
• Gravitational energy for GR and Poincaré gauge theories: a covariant Hamiltonian approach
• Observer dependence of the quasi-local energy and momentum in Schwarzschild space-time
• Quasi-local energy with respect to de Sitter/anti-de Sitter reference
• Quasi-local energy-momentum and angular momentum in general relativity
• Quasi-local energy and the choice of reference
• QUASI-LOCAL ENERGY FOR COSMOLOGICAL MODELS
• Quasi-local energy from a Minkowski reference
• General parallel cosmology

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