scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1283952
\(p\)-constrained amalgamsextremal subgroupsfinite groupsLie type groupsrevision of the classification of finite simple groupssymplectic amalgams
Finite simple groups and their classification (20D05) Free products of groups, free products with amalgamation, Higman-Neumann-Neumann extensions, and generalizations (20E06) Groups with a (BN)-pair; buildings (20E42) Linear algebraic groups over finite fields (20G40) Buildings and the geometry of diagrams (51E24)
For a prime number \(p\), a \(p\)-constrained amalgam \((P_1,P_2,B)\) consists of three finite groups \(P_1\) \(P_2\) and \(B\) such that \(B\leq P_1\cap P_2\); no non-trivial subgroup of \(B\) is normal in both \(P_1\) and \(P_2\); \(B=N_{P_i}(S)\) for \(S\in\text{Syl}_p(B)\) and \(i=1,2\); and \(C_{P_i}(O_p(P_i))\leq O_p(P_i)\) for \(i=1,2\). Over the past ten years \(p\)-constrained amalgams have been widely studied in connection with the revision of the classification of finite simple groups of characteristic 2-type. In this paper, the authors define a symplectic amalgam as a \(p\)-constrained amalgam \((P_1,P_2,B)\) satisfying some restrictions upon \(P_i/O_p(P_i)\). They discuss also some examples of such amalgams and certain aspects of the project of the classification of symplectic amalgams. Furthermore, it is demonstrated how by the study of symplectic amalgams extremal subgroups (i.e., certain Abelian normal subgroups of the unipotent subgroups) of finite groups of Lie type appear. For the entire collection see [Zbl 0908.00018].
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