Symplectic amalgams
Let \(G=G(p^f)\) be a finite simple group of Lie type and \(R\) be a long root subgroup. Then mostly \(C_G(R)\) is an extension of an ultraspecial group (for \(f=1\) extraspecial) by some smaller group of Lie type. This behavior, \(O_p(C_G(R))\) is ultraspecial, also shows up for many sporadic groups, i.e. \(O_p(C_G(i))\) is extraspecial for suitable \(p\)-element \(i\), mostly \(p=2\). For \(p=2\) finite simple groups having an involution \(i\) such that \(O_2(C_G(i))\) is ultraspecial have been studied by many authors, like \textit{F. G. Timmesfeld} [Ann. Math. (2) 107, 297-369 (1978; Zbl 0405.20016)], \textit{S. D. Smith} [Proc. Symp. Pure Math. 37, 111-120 (1980; Zbl 0451.20014)] and the reviewer [J. Algebra 64, 460-528 (1980; Zbl 0437.20009)]. In most cases there is some \(g\in G\) with \(R^g\neq R\) and \(R^g\subseteq O_p(C_G(R))\), further for suitable \(S\in\text{Syl}_p(C_G(R))\), we have that \(\langle S,S^g\rangle\) induces \(\text{SL}_2(q)\) on \(RR^g\). This is the basic starting point of the book under review. The authors start with the assumption that there is a group \(P_1\) such that \(O^{p'}(P_1/O_p(P_1))\cong\text{SL}_2(q)\), \(q=p^f\), and \(Z_1=\langle\Omega_1(Z(S))^{P_1}\rangle\) is the natural module, where \(S\in\text{Syl}_p(O^{p'}(P_1))\). Then they assume that there is a second group \(P_2\), such that \(P_2\geq N_{P_1}(S)=P_{12}\), \(\Omega_1(Z(S))\trianglelefteq P_2\), \(Z_1\leq O_p(P_2)\) and there is \(x\in P_2\) with \(Z_1\nleq O_p(P_1)^x\). Finally, they assume \(P_2=P_{12}\langle((O_p(P_1)\cap O_p(P_2))^{O^{p'}(P_1)})^{O^{p'}(P_2)}\rangle\) and \(O^p(O^{p'}(P_2))\leq\langle((O_p(P_1)\cap O_p(P_1))^{O^{p'}(P_1)})^{O^{p'}(P_2)}\rangle\), \(S\in\text{Syl}_p(P_2)\), \(C_{P_1}(O_p(P_1))\leq O_p(P_1)\), \(C_{P_2}(O_p(P_2))\leq O_p(P_2)\) and \((P_1,P_2)\) is an amalgam. Generically \(O_p(P_2)\) then is an ultraspecial group or a symplectic group, that is where the name of the book comes from. In this book all these amalgams are classified. In fact there are 53 different ones, some of them belong to infinite series coming from Lie type groups. So first of all this book is an important contribution to all kinds of revision of the classification of the finite simple groups which we think about in near future. But the book is much more than just this. Even if one is not interested in symplectic amalgams at all, one can find a lot of information about groups, which are not so easy accessible elsewhere. Let me just mention a few: Goldschmidt-amalgams, sesquilinearforms, ultraspecial groups, groups acting on \(p\)-groups, modules for \(\text{SL}_2(q)\), structure of groups of Lie-type (Weyl-groups, Sylow \(p\)-subgroups, automorphisms, \(p\)-rank), modules for groups of Lie type in defining characterisic (Steinberg theory) and in cross characteristic as well, sporadic groups and their modules, alternating groups and small modules. The book ends with an appendix which gives a survey on further amalgam results and also the pushing-up results due to U. Meierfrankenfeld and B. Stellmacher. This is a very important book. The authors have proved a deep theorem, the classification of the symplectic amalgams which covers 190 pages of the book, but on the remaining 150 pages they also provide us with many results about simple groups, which have their own right. The book is very well written, just a few typos. The reviewer enjoyed the kind of language very much which sometimes gives a smile. But to attribute the classification of the finite simple groups all of whose 2-local subgroups are solvable to John Thompson goes to far. To the reviewer's knowledge this is due to D. Gorenstein and R. Lyons, where important work also has been done by Z. Janko, F. Smith and J. P. Lundgren. I think this book should be on the bookshelf of anybody who is interested in finite simple groups.
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1283952
- On a certain (O+(6,q), O+(6,q))-amalgam
- An application of the amalgam method: The 2-local structure of N-groups of characteristic 2 type
- On the finite simple groups all of whose \(2\)-local subgroups are solvable
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1388924
- Irregular amalgams
- Amalgams which involve sporadic simple groups. I
- The normal structure of the unipotent subgroup in Lie type groups and its extremal subgroups.
- A 3-local characterization of \(Co_2\).
- \((S_3,S_6)\)-amalgams. IV.
- \(\text{F}_4(2)\) and its automorphism group.
- Saturated fusion systems with parabolic families.
- Extremal and maximal normal Abelian subgroups of a maximal unipotent subgroup in groups of Lie type.
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1283952 (Why is no real title available?)
- Unique Node Extremal Subgroups in Chevalley Groups
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1974651 (Why is no real title available?)
- Effective black-box constructive recognition of classical groups.
- Free Amalgams of Rank Two
- A 7-Local Identification of the Monster
- Non-solvable groups whose character degree graph has a cut-vertex. III
- Non-solvable groups whose character degree graph has a cut-vertex. I
- Non-solvable groups whose character degree graph has a cut-vertex. II
- The global structure theorem for finite groups with an abelian large p-subgroup
- Finite Groups Which are Almost Groups of Lie Type in Characteristic 𝐩
- Fusion systems related to polynomial representations of \(\mathrm{SL}_2(q)\)
- Finite groups in which every irreducible character has either p'-degree or p'-codegree
- 2-minimal subgroups in finite exceptional groups of Lie type
- 2F-modules, Abelian sets of roots and 2-ranks.
- A quasi Curtis-Tits-Phan theorem for the symplectic group.
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