scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1284213

Publication date 19 November 2000

Cauchy problem existence of quasiperiodic solutions existence results for non-smooth initial data exponential sums related to the Schrödinger group Gibbs type measure invariant measure KAM theory KdV equation long-time dynamical behavior nonlinear Hamiltonian wave equations nonlinear Schrödinger equation periodic boundary conditions simplectic capacities Wiener measure

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Research exposition (monographs, survey articles) pertaining to partial differential equations (35-02) Periodic solutions to PDEs (35B10) Asymptotic behavior of solutions to PDEs (35B40) First-order hyperbolic systems (35L40) KdV equations (Korteweg-de Vries equations) (35Q53) NLS equations (nonlinear Schrödinger equations) (35Q55) Perturbations, KAM theory for infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian systems (37K55)

Review text

The monograph type article deals with the flow associated with solutions of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLS). It is organized into ten Lectures and an appendix. In some of the lectures the Cauchy problem for NLS on the line and under periodic boundary conditions is considered where existence results for non-smooth initial data are discussed. The main parts of the lectures treat the long-time dynamical behavior of the NLS flow; here methods of statistical mechanics and dynamical systems are used. Also, some of the lectures are devoted to the construction of quasi-periodic solutions of the NLS by using adjustments of KAM theory to the PDE case. Lecture 1 contains the statement of the problem, and introduces the notions and quantities used later (conservation laws, conformal invariance, blow-up, etc.); the main results on local and global well-posedness of the Cauchy problem on the line and on the torus are stated with reference to earlier work. Lecture 2 is devoted to the proofs of the theorems from Lecture 1. The main tool for this is the introduction of appropriate space-time function spaces, and the use of strong Strichartz inequalities in Euclidean space, and analogues of these on the torus in dimension \(N=1\) and \(N=2\) which means that in this case one has to prove \(L^p\)-estimates for exponential sums related to the Schrödinger group. Here, the author uses refined arithmetic and `circle' methods of analytic number theory. Theorem 1.36 of Lecture 1 is proved in detail whereas for the other theorems precise comments on the proofs are given. Also, results on the growth in time of higher-order Sobolov norms of the solutions are proved. In Lecture 3 the methods developed in the former lectures are applied to the initial value problem for the KdV equation giving similar results. In Lectures 4 and 5 invariant measure properties of the NLS flow are discussed. The author defines an infinite-dimensional analogue of a Gibbs measure for the Hamiltonian NLS flow (with a power type nonlinearity) and normalized forms of that flow. For the 1D case the invariance of the power law NLS flow under this Gibbs type measure together with regularity results for an associated Wiener measure are proven (1D subcritical; Lecture 4); similar results are shown for the 2D case, and for power law nonlinear wave equations (Lecture 5). The existence of quasi-periodic solutions of Hamiltonian PDEs are considered in Lecture 6. Especially, the persistency of finite-dimensional tori in the infinite-dimensional phase space associated to the NLS flow is discussed, and may be seen as a generalization of the finite-dimensional KAM setting. One of the deep results proven here for the 1D and 2D case and for nonlinear Hamiltonian wave equations, is, that in the neighborhood of a given space-time periodic harmonic mode there are quasi-periodic solutions with frequencies in the neighborhood of the given ones. The results are based on the application of a Lyapunov-Schmidt reduction method in the resonant and non-resonant cases, and the use of a Newton procedure due to Craig and Wayne. The persistency problem under Hamiltonian perturbations of a periodic semilinear wave equation is dealt with in lecture 7, i.e. the problem of existence of time periodic solutions which behave like specific time-periodic solutions of a linearized version of the wave equation. The author claims that similar results are true for NLS type equations. The quasi-periodic case for nonlinear wave equations is studied in Lecture 8 where the methods introduced in Lecture 6 are explained in detail, whereas in Lecture 9 the problem of finding normal forms of PDEs which allow the application of the former techniques for equations which are not of the NLS or nonlinear wave form of the previous lectures. These normal forms are still semi-linear. Finally, in Lecture 10, the theory of simplectic capacities is applied to Hamiltonian PDEs (mainly of NLS, wave or KdV type). The discussion focuses on the problem of approximation of solutions of these equations by those of adjunct finite-dimensional ones. An appendix contains results on the time asymptotics of solutions of Hamiltonian NLS type equations in comparison with in time quasi-periodic solutions of adjunct linearized equations. A facit of the monograph type article could be: It contains deep results on recent theory of important nonlinear PDEs, it is hard, but very worthwile to read. For the entire collection see [Zbl 0906.00018].

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