scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1285545
The Cauchy problem for the system of integro-differential equations is considered that describes vorticity flows of an ideal incompressible fluid with free boundary in the shallow-water approximation. In the long-wave limit, this system can be written as follows: \[ \begin{gathered} u_t + uu_x +vu_y + g h_x=0, \quad f'(gh)h_t+\Bigl(\int_{0}^{h}f'\bigl(g(h-y)\bigr) u(x,y,t) dy\Bigr)_x=0, \\ v=-\rho^{-1}\int_{0}^{y}\bigl(\rho_t+(u\rho)_x\bigr) dy, \quad 0 \leq y \leq h(x,t), \;x \in {\mathbb R}, \;t \in {\mathbb R}^{+}, \tag{1} \\ u(x,0,y)=U_0(x,y), \;h(x,0)=h_0(x), \end{gathered} \] where \(u\) and \(v\) are the components of the velocity vector, \(g\) is the gravitational acceleration, and \(h(x,t)\) is the total depth of the fluid. The pressure and the density are defined by \(p=f\bigl(g(h-y)\bigr)\) and \(\rho=f'\bigl(g(h-y)\bigr)\), respectively. The function \(f\bigl(g(h-y)\bigr)\) is defined by inverting the relation \(g(h-y)=\int_{p_0}^{p}\bigl(\rho(\xi)\bigr)^{-1}d\xi\), where \(p_0\) is the constant atmospheric pressure. The new independent variables \(x, p,t\) are introduced and system (1) is rewritten for the new dependent variables \(u\), \(y\), \(\eta=f(gh)\), \(\tau=p_t+up_x+vp_y\). It is shown that the new system admits the class of particular solutions with both constant and piecewise constant value of \(\Omega=u_p\). First, the flows with constant value of \(\Omega \) are studied. Next, the two-layer flow is examined in which the layer \( p _ 0 \leq p \leq \eta \) is divided by a contact surface \( p = \delta (x, t) \) into two sublayers, \( p_0 \leq p \leq \delta (x, t) \), \( \delta (x, t) \leq p \leq \eta\), such that \(\Omega\) is constant in each of the sublayers. Further, it is proven that there is a simple wave being a solution to an auxiliary problem for the interaction between two shift streams characterized by the constant values of \( \Omega \). Finally, the results obtained are used for solving the problem of decay of the initial discontinuity: \[ (u,h) \Big|_{t=0}= \begin{cases} (u^l(y),h^l), & \quad x < 0, \\ (u^r(y),h^r), & \quad x > 0. \end{cases} \] These initial data for system (1) describe stationary shift streams to the left and to the right of the section \(x= 0 \). Here \( u^l(y)\) and \(u^r(y) \) are known functions, \( h^l\) and \(h^r \) are prescribed constants. It is shown that the equations under consideration are similar to the equations of one-dimensional gas dynamics. On the basis of this analogy, a solution to the problem of decay of the initial discontinuity is obtained. Uniqueness of this solution is proven under some additional conditions.
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