scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1099591
The system is considered that describes vorticity flows of an ideal incompressible fluid with free boundary in the shallow water theory approximation. In the long wave limit, it can be written as follows: \[ u_t + uu_x +vu_y + g h_x=0, \;\;u_x+v_y=0,\;\;h_t + \Bigl(\int_{0}^{h}u dy\Bigr)_x=0, \quad t>0, \tag{1} \] where \(0<y<h(x,t)\), \(y=h(x,t)\) is the equation of the free boundary, \((u,v)\) is the velocity vector, and \(g\) is the gravitational acceleration. These equations are analyzed in the Euler-Lagrange coordinate system, \((x',\lambda,t')\), defined as a solution to the Cauchy problem \[ x=x',\;\;t=t',\;\;y=\Phi(x',\lambda,t'),\;\;\Phi_t + u(x,\Phi,t)\Phi_x =v(x,\Phi,t),\;\Phi(x,\lambda,0)= \Phi_0(x,\lambda) \] (the equation \(y=\Phi(x,\lambda)\) specifies the initial state of Lagrange's surface \(\lambda=\text{const}\), \(\Phi(x,0,t)= 0\), and \(\Phi(x,1,t)=h(x,t)\)). In this coordinate system, the system (1) takes the form \[ u_t(x,\lambda,t) + u(x,\lambda,t)u_{x}(x,\lambda,t) + g \int\limits_{0}^{1}H_{x}(x,\nu,t) d\nu=0, \;H_t +(u H)_x=0, \tag{2} \] where \(H(x,\lambda,t) = \Phi_{\lambda}(x,\lambda,t)\) and the primes are omitted. By simple waves the author means solutions to (2) represented as \(u=u\bigl(\alpha(x,t),\lambda\bigr)\), \(H=H\bigl(\alpha(x,t),\lambda\bigr)\) (\(\alpha\) is an arbitrary function of two variables). Existence and uniqueness of simple waves are proven. General properties of simple waves and a new class of exact solutions are presented.
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