Passing to the limit in a Wasserstein gradient flow: from diffusion to reaction
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Large deviations (60F10) Singular perturbations in context of PDEs (35B25) Homogenization in context of PDEs; PDEs in media with periodic structure (35B27) Initial-boundary value problems for second-order parabolic equations (35K20) Reaction-diffusion equations (35K57) Singular parabolic equations (35K67) Fokker-Planck equations (35Q84) General theory of infinite-dimensional dissipative dynamical systems, nonlinear semigroups, evolution equations (37L05) Variational methods for problems in mechanics (70G75) Problems involving a system of particles with friction (70F40)
Abstract: We study a singular-limit problem arising in the modelling of chemical reactions. At finite {epsilon} > 0, the system is described by a Fokker-Planck convection-diffusion equation with a double-well convection potential. This potential is scaled by 1/{epsilon}, and in the limit {epsilon} -> 0, the solution concentrates onto the two wells, resulting into a limiting system that is a pair of ordinary differential equations for the density at the two wells. This convergence has been proved in Peletier, Savar'e, and Veneroni, SIAM Journal on Mathematical Analysis, 42(4):1805-1825, 2010, using the linear structure of the equation. In this paper we re-prove the result by using solely the Wasserstein gradient-flow structure of the system. In particular we make no use of the linearity, nor of the fact that it is a second-order system. The first key step in this approach is a reformulation of the equation as the minimization of an action functional that captures the property of being a curve of maximal slope in an integrated form. The second important step is a rescaling of space. Using only the Wasserstein gradient-flow structure, we prove that the sequence of rescaled solutions is pre-compact in an appropriate topology. We then prove a Gamma-convergence result for the functional in this topology, and we identify the limiting functional and the differential equation that it represents. A consequence of these results is that solutions of the {epsilon}-problem converge to a solution of the limiting problem.
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