scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1305049

Let \(S_n:=\text{span}\{x^{-n/2+k}\); \(k=0,\dots,n\); \(x\in[a,b] \}\) \((0<a<b)\). It is said that \(\tau_n\in S_n\) are the orthogonal Chebyshev \(S_n\)-polynomials if it satisfies the relation \[ \int^b_a\tau_n(x)q(x)(x(b-x)(x-a))^{-1/2}dx=0, \] for any \(q\in S_{n-1}\). The uniform approximation and interpolation of continuous functions by \(\overline S_n=\text{span}\{1,S_n\}\) are studied in this paper. The following Jackson-type theorem is proved. Theorem: Let \(f\in C[a,b]\). There exists \(s^*_n\in\overline S_n\) such that \(\|f-s^*_n \|_\infty\leq D\omega(f;1/ \sqrt n)\), where \(D>0\) depends on \(a\) and \(b\), and \(\omega(f;\delta)\) is the uniform modulus of continuity of \(f\). As for the problem of Lagrange interpolation it is shown that the error estimate for \(S_n\)-polynomials is better than the error estimate for the interpolation by algebraic polynomials for all sufficiently large \(n\) and \(\sqrt a+\sqrt b>2\). Furthermore, if the nodes of interpolation are the zeros of \(\tau_{n+1}\), then the size of the Lebesgue constants is given by \(b(1+(2/ \pi)\log n)/a\). Let \(\mathbb{P}_n\) be the space of all algebraic polynomials with degree not greater than \(n\), and let \(1\leq q\leq\infty\). Consider the problem \(\min\|x^{2n}-r_{2n-1} \|_q\), subject to \(r_{2n-1}\in\mathbb{P}_{2n-1}\). It is proved that this extremal problem has a unique solution \(r^*_{2n-1}\) which is \(r^*_{2n-1}(x)= x^{2n}-2^{-2n+1}(\sqrt b-\sqrt a)^{2n}x^n \tau_{2n}(x)\). Four conjectures are stated at the end of the paper. The authors expect that Chebyshev \(S_n\)-polynomials \(\tau_n\) play a major role in the solution of inverse problems concerning \(S_n\)-polynomials. For the entire collection see [Zbl 0897.00031].

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