scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1354100

Publication date 28 October 1999

paradox relevance relevance filter strong implication

Philosophical and critical aspects of logic and foundations (03A05) Substructural logics (including relevance, entailment, linear logic, Lambek calculus, BCK and BCI logics) (03B47)

Review text

The purpose of the article is ``to describe different ideas of relevance and to show their differences and how they are able to solve paradoxes. This purpose is achieved in a methodical manner: first, some examples are cited to show the main kinds of paradoxical situations; then the logical structure of the examples is indicated and some ideas of relevance are analyzed. It is appraised how each idea in question affects avoiding the paradoxical situations. The author selects the following sorts of approaches to relevance: 1) Strengthening implication; 2) Theory of conditionals; 3) Relevance filters; 4) Semantic consideration on relevance. It is emphasized that the approaches of sorts 1) and 2) ``propose a `new logic' in the sense that the concept of implication and the (parallel) concept of validity of an inference are changed (in general in the direction of strengthening). The author considers in detail, however, only the approaches of sort 3) which use ``relevance restrictions to be applied to an underlying logic chosen (usually the classical one). The restrictions are usually much stronger than those received by changing implication (and consequently validity of inference), since the usual closure conditions (transitivity, substitution, modus pones) should be preserved for the logic. But it need not be for a restriction or for filter. The lists of some properties (in terms of various closures, preservations, characterizations by matrices and of axiomatizability) of the propositional logics, which are obtained by filtering CL with respect to different relevance restrictions, are given. As for the approaches of sort 4), they, as the author notices, ``are not semantics for axiomatic systems of (relevant) propositional logics, but investigations on the semantic relations between individual variables or predicates in premise and conclusions or in antecedent and consequent of an implication. They are to some extent independent of the approaches of three sorts mentioned above and can in principle be conjoined with one of them. For the entire collection see [Zbl 0911.00008].

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