scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1076176

This paper deals with the propagation of analyticity for nonlinear equations of the form \[ D_t^mu+G(t,x,\dots,D_t^jD_x^{\alpha}u,\dots)=0,\quad j+|\alpha|\leq m,\;0\leq j\leq m-1.\tag{*} \] Here \(G(w)\) is analytic in each argument, and the characteristic equation \[ \tau^m+ \sum_{j+|\alpha|= m} G_{j,\alpha}(w)\tau^j\xi^{\alpha} =0 \] (where \(G_{j,\alpha}\) is the derivative of \(G\) with respect to the argument \(D_t^jD_x^{\alpha}u\)) has real roots \(\tau_j(w,\xi)\) for \(\xi\in{\mathbb R}^n\). The authors make the additional assumption that these roots have constant multiplicity, so that (*) can be smoothly transformed into a first order system with a diagonal principal symbol, and prove the following result, where \(r\) is the maximum multiplicity of the characteristic roots: Let \(u(t,x)\) be a solution to (*) on some influence domain \(\Omega\) based on \(S\) at \(\{t=0\}\), and assume that \(u\) is a Gevrey function in \(x\) of order \(s<r/(r-1)\) while the Cauchy data \(D_t^ju(x,0)\) are real analytic in \(S\); therefore \(u\) is analytic in \(\Omega\). The bound \(s<r/(r-1)\) is the same for which the Cauchy problem to (*) is locally well-posed in the Gevrey class \(\gamma^s\). The proof is based on the theory of Fourier integral operators of infinite order. In the case of semilinear equations, a similar result was proved by the authors in some previous papers [Rend. Semin. Mat., Torino 51, 387-396 (1993; Zbl 0816.35091) and Rend. Semin. Mat. Univ. Padova 94, 99-111 (1995; Zbl 0848.35077)].

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