scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1111401
\(p\)-local structureautomorphismsBN-pairsBorel subgroupscentralizers of involutionscentralizers of semisimple elementsclassification of finite simple groupsconnected reductive algebraic groupsembeddings of quasisimple groupsendomorphismsfinite groups of Lie typeK-groupsmaximal subgroupsnormalizers of unipotent groupsparabolic groupsSchur multiplierssemisimple algebraic groupssimple sectionssporadic groupsSylow subgroups
The first two volumes on the classification of finite simple groups provided a detailed survey on the strategy of this project and the basic group theory used in the volumes to follow [No. 1, 1994; Zbl 0816.20016, No. 2, 1996; Zbl 0836.20011]. The assumption of the inductive classification proof is that all simple sections are known, i.e. are K-groups. The aim is to exploit this assumption as much as possible. In this spirit this third volume developes structural properties of quasisimple groups. The general informations obtained here, are however not only the fundament of the classification proof but are of greatest value for any applications of the classification theorem, i.e. for situations where detailed information about the structure of finite simple groups is in need. Much of the material is presented in numerous detailed tables. In this sense this volume is an excellent counterpart to the ATLAS of finite simple groups [\textit{J. W. Conway} et. al., Clarendon Press (1985; Zbl 0568.20001)]. In particular this book is a unique place to find an enormous amount of information about the structure of finite groups of Lie type. The first four chapters of this third volume are devoted to finite groups of Lie type. From the various ways to present these groups the authors choose to consider them in the form \(G_\sigma\), the fixed-points of an endomorphism \(\sigma\) of a semisimple algebraic group \(G\). The objective is to transfer information from the algebraic group to the finite group. Chapter 1 developes the basic theory of semisimple algebraic groups. Topics covered among others are Borel subgroups, parabolic groups, (BN)-pairs, commutator relations, roots, weights, representations, isomorphisms, automorphisms and endomorphisms. This is the only chapter where just a few results are proved (proofs are documented by standard sources). In all other chapters proofs are usually given in full detail. In chapter 2 the transfer from the algebraic groups to the groups of Lie type is discussed. The same topics as in the previous chapter are covered. Moreover the representations in the defining characteristic (Steinberg's twisted tensor product theorem) and presentations of the universal cover (Curtis-Tits theorem) are investigated. Chapter 3 deals with the \(p\)-local structure of finite groups of Lie type (and algebraic groups) where \(p\) is the defining characteristic. The fundamental Borel-Tits theorem on the normalizers of unipotent groups in connected reductive algebraic groups is proved. Then the parabolic subgroups and the Sylow \(p\)-structure are studied. Chapte 4 considers the \(p\)-local structure of finite groups of Lie type where \(p\) is not the defining characteristic. Of course the prime \(p=2\) plays the most important role. Classes and centralizers of semisimple elements are determined. Classes and centralizers of elements which are counterimages of nontrivial outer automorphisms are discussed likewise. In particular centralizers of involutions are treated comprehensively. However centralizers of elements of order \(p=3\) or 5 in the case of exceptional groups of Lie type are also investigated. The section closes with a study of \(p\)-local and Sylow \(p\)-subgroups. The same topics handled in the previous chapters are considered in chapter 5 for the alternating and sporadic groups. Of course the material is covered by most parts by the ATLAS. However all results are proved or documented. Chapter 6 deals with special aspects of K-groups. Schur multipliers and embeddings of quasisimple groups in other quasisimple groups are discussed. Splitting and nonsplitting of involutions when lifted to the covering group is investigated. The action of \(\text{Out}(X)/\text{Inn}(X)\) on \(Z(X)\) for a K-group \(X\) is exhibited. Finally the lists of maximal subgroups for groups of Lie type of small rank are given. Chapter 7 treats general properties of K-groups. It starts with the verification of global properties which were discussed in section 2 of volume 2 of this series (example: Schreier conjecture). Generation properties are studied -- for instance in which cases some variants of the \(k\)-generated \(p\)-core of a K-group are proper subgroups or not. Moreover the cases of failure of \(k\)-balance for K-groups are determined.
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- The McKay conjecture for exceptional groups and odd primes.
- On fixed point sets and Lefschetz modules for sporadic simple groups.
- Baer-Suzuki theorem for the solvable radical of a finite group.
- Signalizers and balance in groups of finite Morley rank.
- On strongly p-embedded subgroups of Lie rank 2.
- Generation of finite almost simple groups by conjugates.
- Collineation groups with perspectivities.
- Finite groups of chain difference one
- Groups with bounded centralizer chains and the Borovik-Khukhro conjecture
- On spectra of almost simple extensions of even-dimensional orthogonal groups
- Finite almost simple groups whose Gruenberg-Kegel graphs coincide with Gruenberg-Kegel graphs of solvable groups
- Towards Donovan's conjecture for abelian defect groups
- Orders of elements of finite almost simple groups
- Action of automorphisms on irreducible characters of symplectic groups
- Adjoint representations of black box groups \(\operatorname{PSL}_2(\mathbb{F}_q)\)
- Locally elusive classical groups
- Fusion systems over a Sylow \(p\)-subgroup of \(\mathrm{G}_2(p)\)
- On the decomposition numbers of \(\mathrm{SO}_8^+(2^f)\)
- Classification of some 3-subgroups of the finite groups of Lie type \(E_{6}\)
- Radical 3-subgroups of the finite groups of Lie type \(E_{6}\)
- On Bouc's and Thévenaz's conjectures on \(B\)-groups
- Groups with a \(p\)-element acting with a single non-trivial Jordan block on a simple module in characteristic \(p\)
- Fusion systems with some sporadic \(J\)-components
- On vanishing class sizes in finite groups
- The inductive blockwise Alperin weight condition for \(\mathrm{PSL}_{n}(q)\) and \(\mathrm{PSU}_{n}(q)\) with cyclic outer automorphism groups
- A sufficient condition for fixed points of a coprime action to have a normal complement
- The blocks and weights of finite special linear and unitary groups
- 2-parts of real class sizes
- Rigid local systems and alternating groups
- Reducible subgroups of exceptional algebraic groups
- Theta functions and a presentation of \(2^{1 +(2 g + 1)} \mathsf{Sp}(2 g, 2)\)
- Stabilizers of vertices of graphs with primitive automorphism groups and a strong version of the sims conjecture. III
- On the intersection of two nilpotent subgroups in a finite group with socle _8^+(2), E₆(2) or E₇(2)
- Finite groups with a large automorphism orbit
- Further solvable analogues of the Baer-Suzuki theorem and generation of nonsolvable groups.
- On recognition by spectrum of the simple groups B₃(q), C₃(q), and D₄(q).
- Almost recognizability by spectrum of finite simple linear groups of prime dimension.
- A finiteness condition on subgroups of large derived length.
- Fuchsian groups, finite simple groups and representation varieties.
- Spectra of groups E₈(q)
- On base sizes for almost simple primitive groups
- Fixed point free actions on \(\mathbb{Z}\)-acyclic 2-complexes.
- Finite simple groups and localization
- Smith equivalence and finite Oliver groups with Laitinen number 0 or 1
- Linear groups and collineation groups of translation planes
- Toward a characterization of the sporadic groups of Suzuki and Thompson
- The Curtis-Tits-presentation.
- Simple collineation groups with perspectivities of finite translation planes
- The automorphism groups of a family of maximal curves
- Strongly dense free subgroups of semisimple algebraic groups.
- The finite groups with no real \(p\)-elements.
- Nonabelian composition factors of a finite group whose all maximal subgroups are Hall.
- Euler characteristics and Möbius algebras of \(p\)-subgroup categories.
- Groups of finite Morley rank with a pseudoreflection action.
- Nilpotent blocks of quasisimple groups for the prime two.
- On prime power order elements of general linear groups.
- An ``almost full embedding of the category of graphs into the category of groups
- Brauer's height zero conjecture for principal blocks
- Spherical birational sheets in reductive groups
- Bases for quasisimple linear groups
- Character ratios, representation varieties and random generation of finite groups of Lie type
- Intersections of three nilpotent subgroups of finite groups
- On base sizes for algebraic groups
- Base sizes for \(\mathcal S\)-actions of finite classical groups.
- Trivial-source endotrivial modules for sporadic groups
- Principal blocks with 5 irreducible characters
- Regular orbits of quasisimple linear groups. II
- Regular orbits of quasisimple linear groups. I
- Equivariant Euler characteristics of unitary buildings
- The block graph of a finite group
- Jordan decomposition for the Alperin-McKay conjecture
- Baer-Suzuki theorem for the \(\pi \)-radical
- Almost elusive permutation groups
- Invariant complements normalized by the fixed point subgroup
- A geometric approach to Quillen's conjecture
- Isomorphism problem for almost simple linear groups
- On the coincidence of Gruenberg-Kegel graphs of an almost simple group and a nonsolvable Frobenius group
- Fusion systems on a Sylow \(p\)-subgroup of \(G_2(p^n)\) or \(PSU_4(p^n)\)
- Orders of inner-diagonal automorphisms of some simple groups of Lie type
- On the \(\tilde{P}!\)-theorem
- Fusion systems with Benson-Solomon components
- Independent sets of generators of prime power order
- Inductive blockwise Alperin weight condition for type \(\mathsf{B}\) and odd primes
- Finite exceptional groups of Lie type and symmetric designs
- Galois-equivariant McKay bijections for primes dividing \(q - 1\)
- Characterization of groups E₆(3) and ^2E₆(3) by Gruenberg-Kegel graph
- Algebraic realization for simple groups
- Hurwitz generation in groups of types \(F_4\), \(E_6\), \(^2E_6\), \(E_7\) and \(E_8\)
- Fusion systems with \(U_3(3)\) J-components
- Orbits of Sylow subgroups of finite permutation groups
- Criterion of unrecognizability of a finite group by its Gruenberg-Kegel graph
- Commuting involutions and elementary abelian subgroups of simple groups
- Eliminating components in Quillen's conjecture
- The soluble radical and orbits of certain maps on finite groups
- Hall-Higman type theorems for exceptional groups of Lie type. I
- Almost elusive classical groups
- On the number of irreducible real-valued characters of a finite group
- Implications of the index of a fixed point subgroup
- Controlled 2-blocks of quasisimple groups
- Topological generation of exceptional algebraic groups
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