scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1139899
For \(\beta>1\), let \(T_\beta\) be the \(\beta\)-transformation on \([0,1)\) given by \(T_\beta x=\beta x\) modulo 1. In this paper, the authors give a complete characterization of the set of (purely) periodic points for \(T_\beta\) when \(\beta\) is a Pisot number satisfying \(\beta^2= n\beta+1\), \(n\geq 1\), or \(\beta^2= n\beta-1\), \(n\geq 3\). They show that in case \(\beta^2= n\beta+1\), the set of periodic points of \(T_\beta\) is equal to \[ \bigcup_{q\in \mathbb{N}} \bigl\{ \textstyle {\frac 1q} (u+v \beta^{-1}): (u,v)\in {\mathcal D}_+(q)\cap \mathbb{Z}^2 \bigr\}, \] where \({\mathcal D}_+(q)\) is the image of \([0, \frac 1\beta)\times [-\beta,1) \cup [\frac 1\beta,1)\times [1-\beta,1)\) under the linear transformation \(M_+= \frac {q}{\beta+ \beta^{-1}} \left[ \begin{smallmatrix} \beta &\beta^{-1}\\ 1 &-1 \end{smallmatrix} \right]\), and that the set of periodic points in case \(\beta^2= n\beta-1\), \(n\geq 3\) is given by \[ \bigcup_{q\in \mathbb{N}} \bigl\{ \textstyle{\frac 1q} (u+v \beta^{-1}): (u,v)\in {\mathcal D}_-(q)\cap \mathbb{Z}^2 \bigr\}, \] where \({\mathcal D}_-(q)\) is the image of \([0,1- \frac 1\beta)\times [-\beta,0)\cup [1-\frac 1\beta,1)\times [1-\beta,0)\) under the linear transformation \(M_-= \frac {q}{\beta- \beta^{-1}} \left[ \begin{smallmatrix} \beta &-\beta^{-1}\\ -1 &1 \end{smallmatrix} \right]\). This is done by constructing a natural extension of such \(T_\beta\) and then characterizing periodic points in terms of this natural extension. As a corollary they prove that no rational number in \((0,1)\) has a periodic \(\beta\)-expansion in case \(\beta^2= n\beta-1\), \(n\geq 3\). The authors also study the length of periods of periodic \(\beta\)-extensions for \(\beta\)'s mentioned above.
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