scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1172225
A conjecture of \textit{D. Goldfeld} and \textit{L. Szpiro} [Compos. Math. 97, 71-87 (1995; Zbl 0860.11032)] asserts that, for elliptic curves over \(\mathbb Q\) with Tate-Shafarevich group \(\text{ Ш}\) and conductor \(N\), one has \(| \text{ Ш}| \ll N^{1/2+\varepsilon}\) for all \(\varepsilon>0\) (with the implicit constant depending on \(\varepsilon\)). This paper shows that, assuming standard conjectures, this result is best possible. More specifically, this paper shows that, for all \(\varepsilon>0\), there are infinitely many elliptic curves over \(\mathbb Q\) with \(| \text{ Ш}| >N^{1/2-\varepsilon}\), provided that the following conjectures hold for elliptic curves over \(\mathbb Q\): (i) the Birch-Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture in the rank zero case; (ii) Szpiro's conjecture that \(\Delta\ll N^{6+\varepsilon}\), where \(\Delta\) is the minimal discriminant; and (iii) the Riemann hypothesis for the Rankin-Selberg zeta function associated to the weight \(3/2\) modular form associated to an elliptic curve by the Shimura-Shintani lift. The construction uses good examples for the Masser-Oesterlé conjecture and the Frey-Hellegouarch elliptic curve. In addition, the paper also shows that there are infinitely many elliptic curves over \(\mathbb Q\) with \(| \text{ Ш}| >\Delta^{1/12-\varepsilon}\), provided that the Birch-Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture holds for elliptic curves over \(\mathbb Q\) of rank zero. The paper concludes with a seven-page table of some elliptic curves with \(| \text{ Ш}| /\sqrt N\) large.
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