scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1969038
Let \(M_i\), \(i \in \mathbb{N}\) be a sequence of compact hyperbolic manifolds of dimension \(n\in\{2,3\}\). We assume that each \(M_i\) is equipped with a spin structure, and that the \(M_i\) together with their spin structures ``converge in the pointed Gromov-Haussdorf topology for spin manifolds towards a non-compact, complete, finite volume hyperbolic manifold \(M\) of dimension \(n\) with a spin structure. If \(n\) is \(2\), then one knows that the limit manifold \(M\) has an even number of cusps isometric to \(S^1\times [C,\infty)\ni (s,t)\), \(e^{-2t} ds^2 + dt^2\). If \(n\) is \(3\), then \(M\) has cusps isometric to \(T^2\times [C,\infty)\), \(e^{-2t}\cdot g_{T^2} + dt^2\), where \(g_{T^2}\) is any flat metric on the torus~\(T^2\). The spectrum of the Dirac operator on each \(M_i\) is discrete. \textit{C. Bär} asked how the Dirac spectrum behaves under the convergence \(M_i\to M\) [J. Differ. Geom. 54, No. 3, 439--488 (2000; Zbl 1030.58021)]. He proved that the essential spectrum of the Dirac operator on any complete, non-compact hyperbolic spin manifold \(M\) of finite volume is either empty or the whole real line \(\mathbb{R}\). The essential spectrum is empty if the spin structure along each end is non-trivial, otherwise it is \(\mathbb{R}\). If \(n=2\), then both cases can occur. However if \(n=3\), then any spin structure on \(M\) which is a limit of spin structures on \(M_i\) is necessarily non-trivial along each end. Hence, under the above conditions the Dirac spectrum of \(M\) is discrete if \(n=3\). Another result of Bär's article says that in the case of essential spectrum the Dirac eigenvalues of \(M_i\) accumulate everywhere on \(\mathbb{R}\), and precise estimates for the accumulation rate are given. The main object of Pfäffle's book is the case of discrete spectrum. He shows that in this case the Dirac spectrum of \(M_i\) converges to the Dirac spectrum of \(M\), including multiplicities. Similar results have already been obtained for small eigenvalues of the Laplacian on forms. For the Laplacian the method of escaping sets by \textit{B. Colbois} and \textit{G. Courtois} [Ann. Sci. Éc. Norm. Supér., IV. Sér. 24, No. 4, 507--518 (1991; Zbl 0754.58040), Comment. Math. Helv. 64, No. 3, 349--362 (1989; Zbl 0684.53040)] was an important tool. Pfäffle adapted this method to spinors. However, the spinorial version of this method is much more involved as the original one, as identification of spinors for different metrics requires additional effort. Pfäffle's book is organized as follows. Chapter 1 recalls several basic facts about spinors. The statements of this chapters were already known by experts, but some parts have never been presented in such a clear, precise and self-contained way. Pfäffle uses [\textit{J.-P. Bourguignon} and \textit{P. Gauduchon}, Commun. Math. Phys. 144, No. 3, 581--599 (1992; Zbl 0755.53009)] in order to identify spinors on a fixed manifold with respect to two different metrics. Then he studies the behavior of the Dirac operator under \(C^1\)-perturbation of the metric. In particular, he proves that \(C^1\)-close metrics on a fixed compact spin manifold have close Dirac spectrum. Chapter 2 is completely devoted to the spinorial version of the method of escaping sets. This chapter provides criteria for the convergence of the Dirac spectrum in a generality which is much larger that the hyperbolic setting. Pfäffle shows that under some mild conditions the Dirac spectrum of a sequence of compact spin manifolds \(M_i\) converges to the Dirac spectrum of the limit manifold, if the spectrum of the square of the Dirac operator on certain escaping sets tends to infinity. In chapter 3 the main result is derived. In order to apply the convergence criteria of chapter 2, one has to estimate the Dirac spectrum on the escaping sets in question. In the case~\(n=2\) the escaping sets are hyperbolic cylinders, and in dimension~\(n=3\) they are solid tori with a hyperbolic metric. Pfäffle's book was written in German as a PhD thesis at the University of Hamburg, Germany. The main results of this book are summarized in \textit{F. J. Pfäffle}'s article [`Eigenvalues of Dirac operators for hyperbolic degenerations', Manuscripta Math.]. Readers who are unfamiliar with the German language or who prefer a short presentation will probably prefer Pfäffle's article. However, readers who can read mathematics in German, will enjoy the very clearly written and more detailed exposition in his book.
- Eigenvalue bounds for the Dirac operator
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 6500742
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- Convergence of Dirichlet forms and associated Schrödinger operators
- Eigenvalue estimates of the basic Dirac operator
- Convergence of eigenvalues for a highly non-self-adjoint differential operator
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- The Dirac operator on hyperbolic manifolds of finite volume
- The Cauchy problems for Einstein metrics and parallel spinors
- Eigenvalues of Dirac operators for hyperbolic degenerations
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