scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1455349

Publication date 23 January 2001

complex isolated surface-singularity four-dimensional manifolds higher-dimensional knots isotopy K3 surface knots in \(S^5\)Milnor number Seifert matrix

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Embeddings and immersions in topological manifolds (57N35) Embeddings in differential topology (57R40)

Review text

A simple fibered 3-knot \(K\) is a closed connected 3-manifold embedded in \(S^5\) whose complement smoothly fibers over the circle with simply connected fibers. The author has studied such objects in several previous papers. In this paper, he establishes various new results, including the following Theorem. Let \(K_0\), \(K_1\) be two simple fibered knots in \(S^5\) such that \(K_0\), \(K_1\) are homeomorphic as abstract 3-dimensional manifolds. Suppose that \(H_1(K_j;Z)\), \(j=1\), \(2\), is a cyclic subgroup of order 1, 2, 4, \(p^m\) or \(p^{2m}\) with \(p\) an odd prime, or that \(K_j\) is homeomorphic to a connected sum of some copies of \(S^2\times S^1\). Then the two fibered knots \(K_0\) and \(K_1\) are isotopic to each other if and only if their Seifert matrices are congruent. The author studies also the problem of whether a fibered knot in \(S^5\) is determined by its exterior. He shows that the answer is yes for fibered knots which are certain rational homology 3-spheres. He shows then that this is not true in general, by proving the following Theorem. Let \(\Sigma\) be a nontrivial orientable \(S^1\)-bundle over a closed orientable surface of genus \(g\geq 2\). Then there exist simple fibered knots \(K_0\),\dots, \(K_{g-1}\) in \(S^5\) with the following properties: (1) Every \(K_i\) is diffeomorphic to \(\Sigma\) as an abstract 3-manifold. (2) The exteriors \(E(K_i)=S^5-\text{Int }N(K_i)\) are all diffeomorphic to each other. (Here, \(N(K_i)\) denotes a tubular neighborhood of \(K_i\) in \(S^5\).) (3) The Seifert matrices of \(K_i\) are all congruent to each other. (4) For all \(i\not=j\), the knots \(K_i\) and \(K_j\) are not isotopic to each other. The author obtains then, as applications, some new results on 4-dimensional topology, namely on isotopies of simply connected 4-manifolds with boundary in \(S^5\). One of the main results in this respect is the following Theorem. Let \(F\) be a smooth compact 1-connected spin 4-manifold with boundary homeomorphic to a lens space \(L(p,q)\) (\(p\geq 2\)), to the 3-sphere or to the Poincaré homology 3-sphere. Let \(h_i: F\to F\) (\(i=1,2)\) be two orientation preserving diffeomorphisms. Then there exists a nonnegative integer \(k\) such that \(h_i\sharp k(id): F\sharp k(S^2\times S^2)\to F \sharp k(S^2\times S^2)\) are smoothly isotopic to each other if and only if \((h_1)_*=(h_2)_* : H_2(F;Z)\to H_2(F;Z)\). (The symbol \(\sharp\) stands for connected sum.) The author considers also some applications to the topology of singularities of isolated hypersurfaces in \(C^3\). For instance, he proves the following Theorem. Let \(f_t: (C^3,0)\to (C,0)\) (\(t\in[0,1]\)) be a \(\mu\)-constant deformation of an isolated singularity. (In other words, each \(f_t\) is a polynomial of \(n+1\) complex variables with \(f_t(0)=0\) and with an isolated critical point at the origin such that the Milnor numbers \(\mu(f_t)\) are constant.) Suppose that \(H_1(K_{f_{0}};Z)\simeq Z/rZ\), where \(r=1,2,4,p^m\) or \(p^{2m}\) with \(p\) an odd prime. Suppose also that \(\pi_1(K_{f_{0}})\simeq \pi_1(K_{f_{1}})\). Then the fibered knots \(K_{f_{0}}\) and \(K_{f_{1}}\) associated with the hypersurfaces \(f_0^{-1}(0)\) and \(f_{1}^{-1}(0)\) respectively are isotopic to each other.

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