Selections and order-like relations
Several topologies on one set (change of topology, comparison of topologies, lattices of topologies) (54A10) Hyperspaces in general topology (54B20) Selections in general topology (54C65) Local compactness, (sigma)-compactness (54D45) Linearly ordered topological spaces, generalized ordered spaces, and partially ordered spaces (54F05)
Let \({\mathcal F}(X,\mathcal{T})\) be the family of all nonempty closed subsets of a \(T_{1}\)-space \(X\). Since \((X,{\mathcal T})\) is a \(T_{1}\)-space, the family \({\mathcal F}_{n}(X)=\{S\subset X : 0<|S|\leq n \}\) is a subset of \({\mathcal F}(X,{\mathcal T})\) for each \(n\geq 1\). This implies that we can consider \({\mathcal F}(X,{\mathcal T})\) as an extension of \(X\) identifying \(X\) with \({\mathcal F}(X)\). In this framework a topology \(\tau\) on \({\mathcal F}(X,{\mathcal T})\) is said to be admissible if it induces the topology \(\mathcal T\) on \(X\) [\textit{E. Michael}, Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 71, 152-182 (1951; Zbl 0043.37902)]. Given a subset \({\mathcal D}\subset {\mathcal F}(X,{\mathcal T})\) and an admissible topology \(\tau\) on \({\mathcal F}(X,{\mathcal T})\), a map \(f:{\mathcal D}\rightarrow X\) is called a selection for \({\mathcal D}\) if \(f(S)\in S\) for every \(S\in {\mathcal D}\). If in addition \(f\) is continuous respectively to the relative topology on \(\mathcal D\) as a subspace of \(({\mathcal F}(X,{\mathcal T}),\tau)\), the map \(f\) is said to be a \(\tau\)-continuous selection for \(\mathcal D\). It is easy to check that every selection \(f\) for the family \({\mathcal F}_{2}(X)\) defines an order-like relation \(\leq_{f}\) by taking \(x\leq_{f}y\) if and only if \(f(\{x,y\})=x\). In this paper the authors investigate the relationship between \(\leq_{f}\) and the possible topologies \(\mathcal T\) on \(X\) which realize the continuity of \(f\) respectively to the Vietoris topology \(\tau_{V({\mathcal T})}\) on \({\mathcal F}_{2}(X)\) generated by \(\mathcal T\) (the Vietoris topology on \({\mathcal F}(X,{\mathcal T})\) is the topology generated by all collections of the form \(\langle {\mathcal V} \rangle = \{S\in {\mathcal F}(X,{\mathcal T}):S\cap V\neq \emptyset\), \(V\in {\mathcal V}\), \(S\subset \bigcup {\mathcal V}\}\), where \(\mathcal V\) runs over the finite families of open subsets of \((X,{\mathcal T})\)). The similar problem on selections for the Vietoris hyperspace of all nonempty closed subsets of a Hausdorff space \((X,\mathcal{T})\) is also considered. As an example of the obtained results we have: (1) Theorem. Let \(\mathcal T\) be a Hausdorff topology on a set \(X\), and let \(f\) be a selection for \({\mathcal F}_{2}(X)\). The following two conditions are equivalent: (i) \(f\) is \(\tau_{V({\mathcal T})}\)-continuous, (ii) for every two points \(x_{1},x_{2}\in X\), with \(x_{1}\leq_{f} x_{2}\), there are \(V_{1},V_{2}\in {\mathcal T}\) such that \(x_{i}\in V_{i}\), \(i=1,2\), and \(z_{1}<_{f}z_{2}\) for every \(z_{i}\in V_{i}\), \(i=1,2\); (2) Theorem. For a Hausdorff space \((X,{\mathcal T})\), the following two conditions are equivalent: (i) \({\mathcal F}(X,{\mathcal T})\) has a monotone selection (i.e., a selection satisfying that, for every \(G,F\in {\mathcal F}(X,{\mathcal T})\), \(f(F)\in G\subset F\) implies \(f(G)=f(F)\), (ii) \((X,{\mathcal T})\) is a Sorgenfrey well-orderable space, that is, there exists a linear order \(<\) on \(X\) such that \(\mathcal T\) is finer or equal to the topology induced by \(<\), and for every point \(x\in X\), with \(x<\sup_{<}X\), and its neighborhood \(V\in {\mathcal T}\) there exists a point \(y\in ]x,+\infty [_{<}\) such that \([x,y[_{<}\subset V\). The paper also contains several examples demonstrating the importance of the hypothesis of the different statements and also several interesting questions.
- Set-maximal selections
- Selections and hyperspaces of finite sets
- Characterizations of ordinal spaces via continuous selections
- The existence of continuous weak selections and orderability-type properties in products and filter spaces
- King spaces and compactness
- Bivariate functional equations around associativity
- On a theorem about orderability
- \(\sigma\)-ideals and outer measures on the real line
- Selections generating new topologies
- Relations between sequences and selection properties
- Weak selections and weak orderability of function spaces
- Coarser compact topologies
- Extensions of 2-point selections
- Selections and weak orderability
- Continuous weak selections for products
- Another proof of a theorem of van Mill and Wattel on weak selections
- Usco sections and Choquet-completeness
- Finite-valued multiselections
- Separately continuous weak selections on products
- Fell continuous selections and topologically well‐orderable spaces
- Weak selections and countable compactness
- Selections and countable compactness
- Hyperspace selections avoiding points
- Selections and topologically well-ordered spaces
- Butterfly points and hyperspace selections
- A topology generated by selections
- Weak selections and suborderable metrizable spaces
- Selection topologies
- Selections and totally disconnected spaces
- A non-normal topology generated by a two-point selection
- Orderability in the presence of local compactness
- Weak orderability of topological spaces
- Spaces determined by selections
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