A new characterization of Sobolev spaces on R^n

DOI10.1007/S00208-011-0738-0MaRDI QIDQ453413zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Roc Alabern, J. Mateu, J. Verdera

Publication date 27 September 2012

Published in Mathematische Annalen (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1011.0667

means metric measure spaces Sobolev spaces

Analysis on metric spaces (30L99) Sobolev spaces and other spaces of ``smooth functions, embedding theorems, trace theorems (46E35) Integral operators (47G10)

Abstract: In this paper we present a new characterization of Sobolev spaces on Euclidian spaces (

m a t h b b R^{n}

). Our characterizing condition is obtained via a quadratic multiscale expression which exploits the particular symmetry properties of Euclidean space. An interesting feature of our condition is that depends only on the metric of

m a t h b b R^{n}

and the Lebesgue measure, so that one can define Sobolev spaces of any order of smoothness on any metric measure space.

Review text

The authors present a new integral operator that characterizes Sobolev spaces. The condition is given in terms of \[ S_0 f(x)^2 = \int_0^{\infty} \left| \frac{f_{B(x,t)} - f(x)}{t} \right|^2 \frac{dt}{t}, \] where \(f_{B(x,t)}\) is the average of \(f\) over the ball of radius \(t\), \[ f_{B(x,t)} = \frac{1}{| B(x,t)|} \int_{B(x,t)} f(z) \, dz. \] They show that \(f \in W^{1, p}\) (i.e., \(f\) and its first derivatives are in \(L^p\)) if and only if \(f \in L^p\), \(S_0f \in L^p\). They extend the result to \(W^{\alpha, p}\), \(0 < \alpha < 2\), by introducing \[ S_{\alpha} f(x)^2 = \int_0^{\infty} \left| \frac{f_{B(x,t)} - f(x)}{t^{\alpha}} \right|^2 \frac{dt}{t}, \] and proving that \(f \in W^{\alpha, p}\), \(0 < \alpha < 2\) if and only if \(f, S_{\alpha}f \in L^p\). A much more complicated version of \(S_{\alpha}\) allows them to extend this result for every \(\alpha > 0\). Notice that \[ S_{\alpha} f(x)^2 = \int_0^{\infty} \left| \frac1{| B(x, t)|} \int_{B(x,t)} \frac{f (y) - f(x)}{t^{\alpha}}\, dy \right|^2 \frac{dt}{t}. \] Similar results have been given by \textit{R. S. Strichartz} [J. Math. Mech. 16, 1031--1060 (1967; Zbl 0145.38301)] for \(0 < \alpha < 1\), but his results emphasized the larger variant of the above integral where the absolute value is inside the integral. While this works for \(0 < \alpha < 1\), the authors' variant is required for \(1 \leq \alpha <2\). \textit{R. L. Wheeden} proved results that contain the authors' main result for \(\alpha\) not an even integer [Stud. Math. 32, 73--93 (1969; Zbl 0177.15703)], or for \(X\) a homogeneous space with \(0 < \alpha < 1\) [Stud. Math. 44, 17--26 (1972; Zbl 0259.44003)]. The advantage of the authors' approach is that, since only balls about points and their measures are required, the results can be extended to define Sobolev spaces on metric measure spaces.

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