The arrow of time in open quantum systems and dynamical breaking of the resonance-anti-resonance symmetry

DOI10.1088/1751-8121/AA85AEzbMATH Open1376.81046arXiv1610.01548OpenAlexW2744489927MaRDI QIDQ4589380FDOQ4589380

Authors: Naomichi Hatano, Gonzalo E. Ordóñez 

Publication date: 10 November 2017

Published in: Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: Open quantum systems are often represented by non-Hermitian effective Hamiltonians that have complex eigenvalues associated with resonances. In previous work we showed that the evolution of tight-binding open systems can be represented by an explicitly time-reversal symmetric expansion involving all the discrete eigenstates of the effective Hamiltonian. These eigenstates include complex-conjugate pairs of resonant and anti-resonant states. An initially time-reversal-symmetric state contains equal contributions from the resonant and anti-resonant states. Here we show that as the state evolves in time, the symmetry between the resonant and anti-resonant states is automatically broken, with resonant states becoming dominant for $t>0$ and anti-resonant states becoming dominant for $t<0$. Further, we show that there is a time-scale for this symmetry-breaking, which we associate with the "Zeno time." We also compare the time-reversal symmetric expansion with an asymmetric expansion used previously by several researchers. We show how the present time-reversal symmetric expansion bypasses the non-Hilbert nature of the resonant and anti-resonant states, which previously introduced exponential divergences into the asymmetric expansion.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1610.01548

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zbMATH Keywords

arrow of timeopen quantum systemtime-reversal symmetryresonant statequantum Zeno time

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Resonance in context of PDEs (35B34) Nonselfadjoint operator theory in quantum theory including creation and destruction operators (81Q12) Open systems, reduced dynamics, master equations, decoherence (81S22)

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Cited In (13)

• Dynamical stabilization and time in open quantum systems
• Exact description of coalescing eigenstates in open quantum systems in terms of microscopic Hamiltonian dynamics
• Unitarity of quantum tunneling decay for an analytical exact non-Hermitian resonant-state approach
• Time-reversal symmetric resolution of unity without background integrals in open quantum systems
• A resonance theory for open quantum systems with time-dependent dynamics
• Irreversibility and the breaking of resonance-antiresonance symmetry
• Effects of resonance states in barrier region on non-exponential decay of wave-packets scattered by rounded-rectangular potentials
• New energetic and dynamic quantum effects originating from the breaking of time-reversal symmetry
• Resonances, unstable systems, and irreversibility: matter meets mind
• The connection between multiple prices of an option at a given time with single prices defined at different times: the concept of weak-value in quantum finance
• Swanson Hamiltonian: non-PT-symmetry phase
• Convergence and completeness for square-well Stark resonant state expansions
• Two Arrows of Time in Nonlocal Particle Dynamics

Uses Software

• Digital Library of Mathematical Functions

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