Irreducible forms of matrix product states: theory and applications

DOI10.1063/1.5000784zbMATH Open1377.81258arXiv1708.00029OpenAlexW2742119709WikidataQ59458522 ScholiaQ59458522MaRDI QIDQ4600243FDOQ4600243

Authors: Gemma De las Cuevas, J. Ignacio Cirac, Norbert Schuch, David Pérez-García 

Publication date: 8 January 2018

Published in: Journal of Mathematical Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: The canonical form of Matrix Product States (MPS) and the associated fundamental theorem, which relates different MPS representations of a state, are the theoretical framework underlying many of the analytical results derived through MPS, such as the classification of symmetry-protected phases in one dimension. Yet, the canonical form is only defined for MPS without non-trivial periods, and thus cannot fully capture paradigmatic states such as the antiferromagnet. Here, we introduce a new standard form for MPS, the irreducible form, which is defined for arbitrary MPS, including periodic states, and show that any tensor can be transformed into a tensor in irreducible form describing the same MPS. We then prove a fundamental theorem for MPS in irreducible form: If two tensors in irreducible form give rise to the same MPS, then they must be related by a similarity transform, together with a matrix of phases. We provide two applications of this result: an equivalence between the refinement properties of a state and the divisibility properties of its transfer matrix, and a more general characterisation of tensors that give rise to matrix product states with symmetries.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1708.00029

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Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Selfadjoint operator theory in quantum theory, including spectral analysis (81Q10) Many-body theory; quantum Hall effect (81V70) Statistical mechanics of magnetic materials (82D40) Continuum limits in quantum field theory (81T27)

Cites Work

• Finitely correlated states on quantum spin chains
• A practical introduction to tensor networks: Matrix product states and projected entangled pair states
• The density-matrix renormalization group in the age of matrix product states
• Matrix product density operators: Renormalization fixed points and boundary theories
• Matrix product state representations
• Anyons and matrix product operator algebras
• Fundamental limitations in the purifications of tensor networks

Cited In (5)

• Matrix product unitaries: structure, symmetries, and topological invariants
• Exploiting matrix symmetries and physical symmetries in matrix product states and tensor trains
• Matrix product states and the quantum max-flow/min-cut conjectures
• Mixed states in one spatial dimension: decompositions and correspondence with nonnegative matrices
• Note on a canonical form of matrix product states

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