Quantum walks in external gauge fields

DOI10.1063/1.5054894zbMATH Open1406.81038arXiv1808.10850OpenAlexW2889433363MaRDI QIDQ4621251FDOQ4621251

Authors: C. Cedzich, T. Geib, Albert H. Werner, Reinhard F. Werner 

Publication date: 11 February 2019

Published in: Journal of Mathematical Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: Describing a particle in an external electromagnetic field is a basic task of quantum mechanics. The standard scheme for this is known as "minimal coupling", and consists of replacing the momentum operators in the Hamiltonian by modified ones with an added vector potential. In lattice systems it is not so clear how to do this, because there is no continuous translation symmetry, and hence there are no momenta. Moreover, when time is also discrete, as in quantum walk systems, there is no Hamiltonian, only a unitary step operator. We present a unified framework of gauge theory for such discrete systems, keeping a close analogy to the continuum case. In particular, we show how to implement minimal coupling in a way that automatically guarantees unitary dynamics. The scheme works in any lattice dimension, for any number of internal degree of freedom, for walks that allow jumps to a finite neighborhood rather than to nearest neighbours, is naturally gauge invariant, and prepares possible extensions to non-abelian gauge groups.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1808.10850

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Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Sums of independent random variables; random walks (60G50) Yang-Mills and other gauge theories in mechanics of particles and systems (70S15) Closed and approximate solutions to the Schrödinger, Dirac, Klein-Gordon and other equations of quantum mechanics (81Q05) Selfadjoint operator theory in quantum theory, including spectral analysis (81Q10) Quantum mechanics on special spaces: manifolds, fractals, graphs, lattices (81Q35) Quantum stochastic calculus (81S25)

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Cited In (21)

• Quantum walks in weak stochastic gauge fields
• Quantum walks, Weyl equation and the Lorentz group
• Quantum walk on the line through potential barriers
• Quantum walks, deformed relativity and Hopf algebra symmetries
• A quantum walk with both a continuous-time limit and a continuous-spacetime limit
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