Primitive words, free factors and measure preservation.
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free groupsprimitive elementsfinitely generated subgroupscore graphsfree factorsmeasure preserving elements
Asymptotic enumeration (05A16) Graphs and abstract algebra (groups, rings, fields, etc.) (05C25) Free nonabelian groups (20E05) Limits, profinite groups (20E18) Generators, relations, and presentations of groups (20F05) Asymptotic properties of groups (20F69) Combinatorics on words (68R15) Word problems, other decision problems, connections with logic and automata (group-theoretic aspects) (20F10)
Abstract: Let F_k be the free group on k generators. A word w in F_k is called primitive if it belongs to some basis of F_k. We investigate two criteria for primitivity, and consider more generally, subgroups of F_k which are free factors. The first criterion is graph-theoretic and uses Stallings core graphs: given subgroups of finite rank H le J le F_k we present a simple procedure to determine whether H is a free factor of J. This yields, in particular, a procedure to determine whether a given element in F_k is primitive. Again let w in F_k and consider the word map w:G x G x ... x G o G (from the direct product of k copies of G to G), where G is an arbitrary finite group. We call w measure preserving if given uniform measure on G x G x ... x G, w induces uniform measure on G (for every finite G). This is the second criterion we investigate: it is not hard to see that primitivity implies measure preservation and it was conjectured that the two properties are equivalent. Our combinatorial approach to primitivity allows us to make progress on this problem and in particular prove the conjecture for k=2. It was asked whether the primitive elements of F_k form a closed set in the profinite topology of free groups. Our results provide a positive answer for F_2.
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Cited in
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- Word measures on \(\mathrm{GL}_N(q)\) and free group algebras
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- Scales for co-compact embeddings of virtually free groups
- Matrix group integrals, surfaces, and mapping class groups. I. \(\mathrm{U}(\mathrm{n})\)
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- Relative order and spectrum in free and related groups
- Equations in simple matrix groups: algebra, geometry, arithmetic, dynamics.
- Negative immersions for one-relator groups
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- Core surfaces
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- On the lattice of subgroups of a free group: complements and rank
- A note on the trace method for random regular graphs
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- No quasi-isometric rigidity for proper actions on CAT(0) cube complexes
- Primitivity rank for random elements in free groups
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