Word measures on GL_N(q) and free group algebras
Group rings (16S34) Group rings of infinite groups and their modules (group-theoretic aspects) (20C07) Representations of finite groups of Lie type (20C33) Free nonabelian groups (20E05) Linear algebraic groups over finite fields (20G40) Other matrix groups over finite fields (20H30) Combinatorics on words (68R15)
Let \(F\) be the free group on \(r\) generators, let \(w \in F\), let \(K\) be a finite field with \(|K| = q\) and \(N\) a positive integer. A \(w\)-\emph{random element of} \(GL_N(K)\) is one obtained by sampling \(r\) independent uniformly random elements \(g_1, \ldots , g_r \in GL_N(K)\) and evaluating \(w(g_1, \ldots , g_r)\). Define \(\mathbb{E}_w(Fix)\) to be the average number of vectors in \(K^N\) fixed by a \(w\)-random element. Following a thread of ideas starting from [\textit{A. Nica}, Random Struct. Algorithms 5, No. 5, 703--730 (1994; Zbl 0808.60018)], the authors prove two main theorems -- first, that \(\mathbb{E}_w(Fix)\) is a rational function in \(q^N\); and second, that if \(w = u^d\) where \(u \in F\) is not a proper power, then \(\mathrm{lim}_{N\longrightarrow \infty}\mathbb{E}_w(Fix)\) depends only on \(d\) and not on \(u\). These results are first proved by what the authors describe as ``elementary linear algebra, but then the proofs are recast in terms of the group algebra \(K[F]\). This second approach allows the authors to present some interesting connections between their earlier results and algebraic properties of \(K[F]\). A number of interesting questions and conjectures are included in the paper.
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