Matrix group integrals, surfaces, and mapping class groups. I. U(n)

DOI10.1007/S00222-019-00891-4zbMATH Open1484.60005arXiv1802.04862OpenAlexW2945215894WikidataQ127867171 ScholiaQ127867171MaRDI QIDQ2326464FDOQ2326464

Authors: Michael Magee, Doron Puder 

Publication date: 7 October 2019

Published in: Inventiones Mathematicae (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: Since the 1970's, physicists and mathematicians who study random matrices in the GUE or GOE models are aware of intriguing connections between integrals of such random matrices and enumeration of graphs on surfaces. We establish a new aspect of this theory: for random matrices sampled from the group $mathcalUleft(night)$ of unitary matrices. More concretely, we study measures induced by free words on $mathcalUleft(night)$. Let $F_r$ be the free group on $r$ generators. To sample a random element from $mathcalUleft(night)$ according to the measure induced by $win{F}_r$, one substitutes the $r$ letters in $w$ by $r$ independent, Haar-random elements from $mathcalUleft(night)$. The main theme of this paper is that every moment of this measure is determined by families of pairs $left(Sigma,fight)$, where $Sigma$ is an orientable surface with boundary, and $f$ is a map from $Sigma$ to the bouquet of $r$ circles, which sends the boundary components of $Sigma$ to powers of $w$. A crucial role is then played by Euler characteristics of subgroups of the mapping class group of $Sigma$. As corollaries, we obtain asymptotic bounds on the moments, we show that the measure on $mathcalUleft(night)$ bears information about the number of solutions to the equation $left[u_1,v_{1}ight]cdotsleft[u_g,v_{g}ight]=w$ in the free group, and deduce that one can ``hear the stable commutator length of a word through its unitary word measures.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1802.04862

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zbMATH Keywords

random matricesunitary groupstable commutator lengthinduced measure

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Random matrices (algebraic aspects) (15B52) Random matrices (probabilistic aspects) (60B20) Graphs and abstract algebra (groups, rings, fields, etc.) (05C25) Probability measures on groups or semigroups, Fourier transforms, factorization (60B15) Word problems, other decision problems, connections with logic and automata (group-theoretic aspects) (20F10)

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Cited In (14)

• A random cover of a compact hyperbolic surface has relative spectral gap \(\frac{3}{16}-\varepsilon\)
• On the profinite rigidity of surface groups and surface words
• Random unitary representations of surface groups. I: Asymptotic expansions
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