Matrix group integrals, surfaces, and mapping class groups. I. U(n)

DOI10.1007/S00222-019-00891-4MaRDI QIDQ2326464zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Michael Magee, Doron Puder

Publication date 7 October 2019

Published in Inventiones Mathematicae (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1802.04862

zbMATH Keywords

random matricesunitary groupstable commutator lengthinduced measure

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Random matrices (algebraic aspects) (15B52) Random matrices (probabilistic aspects) (60B20) Graphs and abstract algebra (groups, rings, fields, etc.) (05C25) Probability measures on groups or semigroups, Fourier transforms, factorization (60B15) Word problems, other decision problems, connections with logic and automata (group-theoretic aspects) (20F10)

Abstract: Since the 1970's, physicists and mathematicians who study random matrices in the GUE or GOE models are aware of intriguing connections between integrals of such random matrices and enumeration of graphs on surfaces. We establish a new aspect of this theory: for random matrices sampled from the group $mathcalUleft(night)$ of unitary matrices. More concretely, we study measures induced by free words on $mathcalUleft(night)$. Let $F_r$ be the free group on $r$ generators. To sample a random element from $mathcalUleft(night)$ according to the measure induced by $win{F}_r$, one substitutes the $r$ letters in $w$ by $r$ independent, Haar-random elements from $mathcalUleft(night)$. The main theme of this paper is that every moment of this measure is determined by families of pairs $left(Sigma,fight)$, where $Sigma$ is an orientable surface with boundary, and $f$ is a map from $Sigma$ to the bouquet of $r$ circles, which sends the boundary components of $Sigma$ to powers of $w$. A crucial role is then played by Euler characteristics of subgroups of the mapping class group of $Sigma$. As corollaries, we obtain asymptotic bounds on the moments, we show that the measure on $mathcalUleft(night)$ bears information about the number of solutions to the equation $left[u_1,v_{1}ight]cdotsleft[u_g,v_{g}ight]=w$ in the free group, and deduce that one can ``hear the stable commutator length of a word through its unitary word measures.

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Cited in

(14)

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• Random unitary representations of surface groups. I: Asymptotic expansions
• Non-commutative matrix integrals and representation varieties of surface groups in a finite group.
• Surface words are determined by word measures on groups
• Some orbits of free words that are determined by measures on finite groups
• On words of non-Hermitian random matrices
• Core surfaces
• The Asymptotic Statistics of Random Covering Surfaces
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• Word measures on \(\mathrm{GL}_N(q)\) and free group algebras
• Word measures on unitary groups: improved bounds for small representations
• Commutators of random matrices from the unitary and orthogonal groups
• Moment methods on compact groups: Weingarten calculus and its applications

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