Local statistics of random permutations from free products
Euler characteristicfree productrandom homomorphismrandom permutationstatistics in groupssymmetric group
Symmetric groups (20B30) Free products of groups, free products with amalgamation, Higman-Neumann-Neumann extensions, and generalizations (20E06) Residual properties and generalizations; residually finite groups (20E26) Probabilistic methods in group theory (20P05) 2-dimensional topology (including mapping class groups of surfaces, Teichmüller theory, curve complexes, etc.) (57K20) Probability measures on groups or semigroups, Fourier transforms, factorization (60B15)
Let \(\Gamma\) be a finitely generated group. The set \(\mathrm{Hom}(\Gamma, S_{N})\) of group homomorphisms from \(\Gamma\) to the symmetric group \(S_{N}\) is finite and it is a natural object of study since it is the set of all permutation-representations of \(\Gamma\) on a set of size \(N\). Such a set, as \(N\) varies, encodes many properties of \(\Gamma\), such as residual properties, profinite topology and subgroup growth.\N\NAssume that \(\Gamma=G_{1} \ast G_{2} \ast \dots\ast G_{k}\) is a free product of groups where each of \(G_{1}, G_{2}, \dots, G_{k}\) is either finite, finitely generated free or an orientable hyperbolic surface group. For a fixed element \(\gamma \in \Gamma\), a \(\gamma\)-random permutation in the symmetric group \(S_{N}\) is the image of \(\gamma\) through a uniformly random homomorphism \(\Gamma \rightarrow S_{N}\).\N\NIn the paper under review, the authors study local statistics of \(\gamma\)-random permutations and their asymptotics as \(N\) grows. They first consider \(\mathbb{E}[\mathrm{fix}_{\gamma}(N)]\), the expected number of fixed points in a \(\gamma\)-random permutation in \(S_{N}\). They show that, unless \(\gamma\) has finite order, the limit \(\mathbb{E}[\mathrm{fix}_{\gamma}(N)]\) when \(N \rightarrow \infty\) is an integer and is equal to the number of subgroups \(H \leq \Gamma\) such that \(\gamma \in H\) and \(H\simeq \mathbb{Z}\) or \(H= C_{2} \ast C_{2}\). Equivalently, this is the number of subgroups \(H \leq \Gamma\) containing \(\gamma\) and having (rational) Euler characteristic zero. Finally, the authors prove there is an asymptotic expansion for \(\mathbb{E}[\mathrm{fix}_{\gamma}(N)]\) and determine the limit distribution of the number of fixed points as \(N \rightarrow \infty\).
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