scientific article; zbMATH DE number 2162782
Connections between Reshetikhin-Turaev-Witten (RTW, also called `quantum \(SU(2)\)') invariants of closed oriented \(3\)-manifolds and almost modular forms were considered by \textit{R. J. Lawrence} and \textit{D. B. Zagier} in [Asian J. Math. 3, No. 1, 93--107 (1999; Zbl 1024.11028)]. In that work it was shown that for three-fibered Seifert integral homology spheres \(M=\Sigma(\frac{P_1}{Q_1};\frac{P_2}{Q_2};\frac{P_3}{Q_3})\) and any root of unity \(\zeta\), the radial limit of the function \(-\frac{\text{ sign}(H)}{2}A(q)\) when \(q=\zeta e^{-t}\), \(t \rightarrow 0\) (\(t>0\)), coincides with the (suitably rescaled) RTW invariant of M at \(\zeta\). Here \( A(q) = \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \chi(n) q^{n^2/(4PH)}\) with \(P=P_1P_2P_3\) and \(H=P\sum_{j=1,2,3}\frac{Q_j}{P_j} \in \{\pm 1\}\), and \(\chi\) has generating function \[ 4 \;\frac{\prod_{ j=1}^3 \sinh(x/2jP)}{\sinh(x/2)} = \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \chi(n) e^{-nx/(2P)}. \] The function \(A(q)\) is holomorphic in the open unit disc, and is the Eichler integral of a theta series of weight \(3/2\). The paper considers the similar problem for Seifert integral homology spheres \(M\) with \(4\) exceptional fibers. The RTW invariant \(Z_N(M)\) of \(M\) at \(\zeta=\exp(2i\pi/N)\) is computed as a weighted sum of radial limits of Eichler integrals of modular forms of weight \(1/2\) and \(3/2\). By using almost modular properties of Eichler integrals, a power series asymptotic expansion of \(Z_N(M)\) as \(N \rightarrow \infty\) is derived. The approach is very close to Lawrence-Zagier [op. cit.] and \textit{D. B. Zagier} [Topology 40, No. 5, 945--960 (2001; Zbl 0989.57009)], though here one has to deal with multidimensional linear spaces of modular forms. The rest of the paper investigates the interpretation of the coefficients of the asymptotic expansion of \(Z_N(M)\) in the spirit of the stationary phase expansions in Chern-Simons \(SU(2)\) gauge theories, and the relations between his tail part and Ohtsuki's series. The number of limiting values of Eichler integrals that contribute to the leading order term is described in terms of the number of integral lattice points inside a four-dimensional simplex, with vertices given by the Seifert invariants of the exceptional fibers of \(M\). Also, a relation between this number, the Casson invariant of \(M\), and the Casson invariants of the three-fibered Seifert integer homology spheres whose Seifert invariants are among those of \(M\), is discussed. The manuscript concludes with the examples of \(M=\Sigma(2,3,5,7)\) and \(M=\Sigma(3,4,5,7)\), with tables showing agreement between numerical evaluations of \(Z_N(M)\) and of the asymptotic formula obtained previously.
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