Congruences involving generalized central trinomial coefficients

DOI10.1007/S11425-014-4809-ZMaRDI QIDQ477109zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Zhi-Wei Sun

Publication date 2 December 2014

Published in Science China. Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1008.3887

zbMATH Keywords

congruencesMotzkin numberscentral Delannoy numberscentral trinomial coefficients

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Exact enumeration problems, generating functions (05A15) Factorials, binomial coefficients, combinatorial functions (05A10) Congruences; primitive roots; residue systems (11A07) Other combinatorial number theory (11B75) Binomial coefficients; factorials; (q)-identities (11B65) Sums of squares and representations by other particular quadratic forms (11E25)

Abstract: For integers $b$ and $c$ the generalized central trinomial coefficient $T_n(b,c)$ denotes the coefficient of $x^n$ in the expansion of $(x^2+bx+c{)}^n$. Those $T_n=T_n(1,1)(n=0,1,2,ldots)$ are the usual central trinomial coefficients, and $T_n(3,2)$ coincides with the Delannoy number $$ in combinatorics. We investigate congruences involving generalized central trinomial coefficients systematically. Here are some typical results: For each $n=1,2,3,ldots$ we have ${\displaystyle }$sum_{k=0}^{n-1}(2k+1)T_k(b,c)^2(b^2-4c)^{n-1-k}equiv0pmod{n^2}${\displaystyle }$ and in particular $n^{2}midsu{m}_{k=0}^{n-1}(2k+1)D_k^2$; if $p$ is an odd prime then ${\displaystyle }$sum_{k=0}^{p-1}T_k^2equivleft(frac{-1}p ight) pmod{p} { m and} sum_{k=0}^{p-1}D_k^2equivleft(frac 2p ight) pmod{p},${\displaystyle }$ where $(-)$ denotes the Legendre symbol. We also raise several conjectures some of which involve parameters in the representations of primes by certain binary quadratic forms.

Recommendations

• Congruences concerning generalized central trinomial coefficients
• On some congruences involving generalized central trinomial coefficients
• Congruences involving squares of generalized central trinomial coefficients
• On some congruences involving trinomial coefficients
• On the divisibility of generalized central trinomial coefficients
• On congruences related to central binomial coefficients
• Some congruences for trinomial coefficients
• Some congruences involving central \(q\)-binomial coefficients
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 5778071
• New congruences for central binomial coefficients

Cites work

• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 45266 (Why is no real title available?)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 45834 (Why is no real title available?)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1231230 (Why is no real title available?)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 718142 (Why is no real title available?)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1131801 (Why is no real title available?)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 2124094 (Why is no real title available?)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 872231 (Why is no real title available?)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3380631 (Why is no real title available?)
• A note on lattice chains and Delannoy numbers
• Binomial coefficients, Catalan numbers and Lucas quotients
• Congruences concerning Legendre polynomials
• Congruences for central binomial sums and finite polylogarithms
• Euler's Ëxemplum Memorabile Inductionis Fallacis" and q-Trinomial Coefficients
• Lattice gas generalization of the hard hexagon model. III: \(q\)-trinomial coefficients
• New congruences for central binomial coefficients
• On Delannoy numbers and Schröder numbers
• On congruences related to central binomial coefficients
• On the divisibility of generalized central trinomial coefficients

Cited in

(44)

• Binomial coefficients, roots of unity and powers of prime numbers
• On some congruences involving generalized central trinomial coefficients
• Some congruences involving binomial coefficients
• Analytic properties of combinatorial triangles related to Motzkin numbers
• Hankel determinants of linear combinations of consecutive Catalan-like numbers
• Automated discovery and proof of congruence theorems for partial sums of combinatorial sequences
• Arithmetic properties of Delannoy numbers and Schröder numbers
• Factors of alternating sums of powers of \(q\)-Narayana numbers
• Elliptic curves over \(\mathbb{F}_p\) and determinants of Legendre matrices
• Analytic aspects of generalized central trinomial coefficients
• Several explicit and recursive formulas for generalized Motzkin numbers
• Elementary proof of congruences involving trinomial coefficients for Babbage and Morley
• Some congruences involving powers of Legendre polynomials
• On the divisibility of generalized central trinomial coefficients
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 7365839 (Why is no real title available?)
• A Combinatorial Bijection between Ordered Trees and Lattice Paths
• Proof of two congruences concerning Legendre polynomials
• On the divisibility of sums involving powers of multi-variable Schmidt polynomials
• Supercongruences involving dual sequences
• Power-partible reduction and congruences for Schröder polynomials
• On divisibility of sums of Apéry polynomials
• Congruences concerning generalized central trinomial coefficients
• Some congruences on Delannoy numbers and Schröder numbers
• A supercongruence involving Delannoy numbers and Schröder numbers
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 7233179 (Why is no real title available?)
• Some parametric congruences involving generalized central trinomial coefficients
• On the divisibility of \(q\)-trinomial coefficients
• New series for powers of \(\pi\) and related congruences
• Proof of some conjectures of Z.-W. Sun on congruences for Apéry polynomials
• An evolutionary numerical method for solving nonlinear fractional Fredholm–Volterra–Hammerstein integro–differential–delay equations with a functional bound
• On sums related to central binomial and trinomial coefficients
• Reduction for congruences of partial sums of P-recursive sequences
• Supercongruences involving Motzkin numbers and central trinomial coefficients
• Congruences involving squares of generalized central trinomial coefficients
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 2000842 (Why is no real title available?)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 7674556 (Why is no real title available?)
• Legendre symbols related to certain determinants
• On Motzkin numbers and central trinomial coefficients
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 6989305 (Why is no real title available?)
• Telescoping method and congruences for double sums
• On congruences related to trinomial coefficients and harmonic numbers
• Two explicit formulas for the generalized Motzkin numbers
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 7640026 (Why is no real title available?)
• Congruences for the \((p-1)\)th Apéry number

Describes a project that uses

Uses Software

• OEIS

This page was built for publication: Congruences involving generalized central trinomial coefficients

Report a bug (only for logged in users!)Click here to report a bug for this page (MaRDI item Q477109)