Resolvent positive linear operators exhibit the reduction phenomenon

DOI10.1073/PNAS.1113833109MaRDI QIDQ4907487zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Lee Altenberg

Publication date 2 February 2013

Published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1108.4546

zbMATH Keywords

reductionpositive semigroupgrowth bound

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Schrödinger operator, Schrödinger equation (35J10) General topics in linear spectral theory for PDEs (35P05) Second-order elliptic equations (35J15) One-parameter semigroups and linear evolution equations (47D06)

Abstract: The spectral bound, s(a A + b V), of a combination of a resolvent positive linear operator A and an operator of multiplication V, was shown by Kato to be convex in b in R. This is shown here, through an elementary lemma, to imply that s(a A + b V) is also convex in a > 0, and notably, partial s(a A + b V) / partial a <= s(A) when it exists. Diffusions typically have s(A) <= 0, so that for diffusions with spatially heterogeneous growth or decay rates, greater mixing reduces growth. Models of the evolution of dispersal in particular have found this result when A is a Laplacian or second-order elliptic operator, or a nonlocal diffusion operator, implying selection for reduced dispersal. These cases are shown here to be part of a single, broadly general, `reduction' phenomenon.

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