scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1424919

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Publication:4945945





It is well-known that the special quadratic system of class \((\text{III})_{a=\delta= m=0}\) (according to Chinese classification) \[ \dot x= -y+\ell x^2+ ny^2,\quad \dot y= x(1+ y),\tag{1} \] has a center \(O(0,0)\), a critical point \(M\left(0,{1\over n}\right)\) lying on the \(y\)-axis, an invariant line \(\dot y=-1\). \(M\) is a saddle point when \(n<-1\) or \(n>0\); a center when \(-1<n<0\); is a saddle point when \(n= -1\), \(\ell<0\); a saddle node when \(n=-1\), \(\ell>0\); \(M\) goes to infinity when \(n=0\). There are another two critical points: \(N(\sqrt{-(n+ 1)/\ell},-1)\) and \(R(-\sqrt{-(n+ 1)/\ell},-1)\) when \(\ell(n+ 1)<0\). They are both saddles when \(\ell<0\), both nodes when \(\ell>0\). When \(\ell(n+ 1)\geq 0\), \(N\) and \(R\) both disappear or coincide with \(O\) or \(M\). \(y= -1\) is filled with critical points when \(n=-1\), \(\ell= 0\). The author gives totally 17 different phase-portraits of (1) and the corresponding bifurcation diagram in the \((\ell,n)\) plane. So far as I know, the case \((\text{III})_{a=\delta= 0,m>0}\) had also been studied by this author, in his dissertation, and he got totally 74 different phase-portraits; but this later part has not yet been published.











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