Existence of positive solutions in the superlinear case via coincidence degree: the Neumann and the periodic boundary value problems

MaRDI QIDQ498680zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Guglielmo Feltrin, Fabio Zanolin

Publication date 29 September 2015

Published in Advances in Differential Equations (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1503.04954, https://projecteuclid.org/euclid.ade/1435064518

zbMATH Keywords

coincidence degreeNeumann boundary conditionsperiodic boundary conditionspositive solutionssuperlinear case

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Nonlinear boundary value problems for ordinary differential equations (34B15) Positive solutions to nonlinear boundary value problems for ordinary differential equations (34B18) Periodic solutions to ordinary differential equations (34C25) Degree theory for nonlinear operators (47H11)

Abstract: We prove the existence of positive periodic solutions for the second order nonlinear equation $$, where $g(u)$ has superlinear growth at zero and at infinity. The weight function $a(x)$ is allowed to change its sign. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of nontrivial solutions are obtained. The proof is based on Mawhin's coincidence degree and applies also to Neumann boundary conditions. Applications are given to the search of positive solutions for a nonlinear PDE in annular domains and for a periodic problem associated to a non-Hamiltonian equation.

Review text

The authors consider the positive solutions of the second order nonlinear boundary value problem \[ u + a(x)g(u) = 0, \;\; {\mathcal B}(u,u') = 0, \] where \(g : \mathbb R^+ \to \mathbb R^+\) is continuous, \(g(0) = 0\), \(g(s) > 0\) for \(s > 0\), \(a \in L^1(0,T)\) and \({\mathcal B}(u) = (u'(0),u'(T))\) or \((u(T)-u(0),u'(T)-u'(0))\). A necessary conditions for the existence of a positive solution is that \(a\) changes sign and has negative mean value. Using coincidence degree together with delicate estimates, the authors prove the existence of a positive solution to the above problems when, in addition to the conditions above, the set on which \(a\) is positive is made of a finite number of pairwise disjoint intervals \(J_k\), \(g\) is superlinear at \(0\) and \(\liminf_{s \to + \infty}g(s)/s\) is larger that all the first eigenvalues of the Dirichlet problem with weight \(a\) on the intervals \(J_k\). This is in particular the case when \(g\) is superlinear at infinity. The sharpness of those conditions is discussed.

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• Existence of positive solution for a nonlinear problem with mixed conditions

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