Sharp L^p bounds for the wave equation on groups of Heisenberg type
Sharp \(L^p\) bounds for the wave equation on groups of Heisenberg type
Let \(G\) be a connected, simply-connected Lie group \(G\), with topological dimension \(d\). Let \(L\) be the corresponding sub-Laplacian on \(G\). Let us consider the operators \(a(\tau\sqrt{L})e^{i\tau \sqrt{L}}\), where \(\tau\in \mathbb{R}\) and \(a\) is a standard symbol of order \(-\gamma\), i.e., satisfying the estimate \(\big|\frac{d^j}{(ds)^j}a(s)\big|\leq c_j(1+|s|)^{-\gamma-j}\), for all \(j=0,1,2,\ldots\). The authors prove that, for \(1<p<\infty\) and \(\gamma(p):=(d-1)\big|\frac1p-\frac12\big|\), the operators \(a(\tau\sqrt{L})e^{i\tau \sqrt{L}}\) extend to bounded operators on \(L^p(G)\). Moreover, the solutions \(u\) to the Cauchy problem for the wave equation \[ (\partial_{\tau}^2+L)u=0, \qquad u|_{\tau=0}=f, \qquad \partial_{\tau}u|_{\tau=0}=g, \] satisfy the Sobolev-type inequalites \[ \|u(\cdot, \tau)|_p\lesssim \|(I+\tau^2L)^{\gamma/2}f\|_p+\|\tau(I+\tau^2L)^{\gamma/2-1}g\|_p \] for \(\gamma\geq \gamma(p)\). Sharp \(L^1\) estimates for operators with symbols supported in dyadic intervals are also obtained. One of the main points is to identify a suitable Hardy space, so that \(L^p\) bounds can be proved by interpolation of \(L^2\) and Hardy space estimates. Finally, the estimate on the wave equation is used to prove, for Heisenberg-type groups, a result on a large class of multipliers. The proofs are tackled with substantial hard analysis. The authors use a subordination argument to write the wave operator as a sum of integrals involving Schrödinger operators. This yields, in turn, to a type of oscillatory integral representation of the kernels. Then, depending on the singularities arising, either Fourier integral estimates or more intricate estimates for the kernels are proved to reach the conclusions. The sharp \(L^p\) regularity results in the case of the Heisenberg group, in the present paper, can be seen as direct analogues of the result by \textit{J. C. Peral} [J. Funct. Anal. 36, 114--145 (1980; Zbl 0442.35017)] and \textit{A. Miyachi} [J. Fac. Sci., Univ. Tokyo, Sect. I A 27, 331--354 (1980; Zbl 0437.35042)] on the wave equation in the Euclidean setting.
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