Log-convex set of Lindblad semigroups acting on N-level system

DOI10.1063/5.0009745MaRDI QIDQ5009733zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Fereshte Shahbeigi, David Amaro-Alcalá, Zbigniew Puchała, Karol Życzkowski

Publication date 5 August 2021

Published in Journal of Mathematical Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.12184

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Stochastic matrices (15B51) Markov semigroups and applications to diffusion processes (47D07) Transition functions, generators and resolvents (60J35) Quantum channels, fidelity (81P47) Open systems, reduced dynamics, master equations, decoherence (81S22)

Abstract: We analyze the set ${calA}_N^Q$ of mixed unitary channels represented in the Weyl basis and accessible by a Lindblad semigroup acting on an $N$-level quantum system. General necessary and sufficient conditions for a mixed Weyl quantum channel of an arbitrary dimension to be accessible by a semigroup are established. The set ${calA}_N^Q$ is shown to be log--convex and star-shaped with respect to the completely depolarizing channel. A decoherence supermap acting in the space of Lindblad operators transforms them into the space of Kolmogorov generators of classical semigroups. We show that for mixed Weyl channels the hyper-decoherence commutes with the dynamics, so that decohering a quantum accessible channel we obtain a bistochastic matrix form the set ${calA}_N^C$ of classical maps accessible by a semigroup. Focusing on $3$-level systems we investigate the geometry of the sets of quantum accessible maps, its classical counterpart and the support of their spectra. We demonstrate that the set ${calA}_3^Q$ is not included in the set ${calU}_3^Q$ of quantum unistochastic channels, although an analogous relation holds for $N=2$. The set of transition matrices obtained by hyper-decoherence of unistochastic channels of order $Nge3$ is shown to be larger than the set of unistochastic matrices of this order, and yields a motivation to introduce the larger sets of $k$-unistochastic matrices.

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