Generalized unistochastic matrices
A real matrix \(A\) is called unistochastic if there exists a complex unitary matrix \(U\) such that \(a_{i,j} = |u_{i,j}|^2\) for each \(i,j\). The aim of the present paper is to introduce generalized unistochastic matrices and study their properties. A real matrix \(A\) of order \(d\) is called a generalized unistochastic matrix belonging to the set \(\mathcal{U}_{d,s}\) if there exists a complex unitary matrix \(U\) of order \(ds\), partitioned into \(d^2\) blocks \(U_{i,j}\) of order \(s\), such that each \(a_{i,j}\) equals the Frobenius norm of \(U_{i,j}\).\N\NThe paper presents results on the inclusion relations between sets \(\mathcal{U}_{d,s}\) and the set of doubly stochastic matrices. Next, the authors generalize the bracelet condition from [\textit{G. Rajchel-Mieldzioć} et al., J. Math. Phys. 63, No. 1, Article ID 012202, 18 p. (2022; Zbl 1507.15021)] (a necessary condition for the existence of unistochastic matrices) to generalized unistochastic matrices, and describe several families of matrices satisfying this generalized bracelet condition.\N\NThe paper concludes with theoretical results on random generalized unistochastic matrices and empirical distributions obtained through computer simulations.
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