Optimal control of a heroin epidemic mathematical model
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Topological structure of integral curves, singular points, limit cycles of ordinary differential equations (34C05) Qualitative investigation and simulation of ordinary differential equation models (34C60) Asymptotic properties of solutions to ordinary differential equations (34D05) Stability of solutions to ordinary differential equations (34D20) Global stability of solutions to ordinary differential equations (34D23) Existence theories for optimal control problems involving ordinary differential equations (49J15) Epidemiology (92D30)
Abstract: A heroin epidemic mathematical model with prevention information and treatment, as control interventions, is analyzed, assuming that an individual's behavioral response depends on the spreading of information about the effects of heroin. Such information creates awareness, which helps individuals to participate in preventive education and self-protective schemes with additional efforts. We prove that the basic reproduction number is the threshold of local stability of a drug-free and endemic equilibrium. Then, we formulate an optimal control problem to minimize the total number of drug users and the cost associated with prevention education measures and treatment. We prove existence of an optimal control and derive its characterization through Pontryagin's maximum principle. The resulting optimality system is solved numerically. We observe that among all possible strategies, the most effective and cost-less is to implement both control policies.
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