G-fixed Hilbert schemes on K3 surfaces, modular forms, and eta products

DOI10.46298/EPIGA.2022.6986MaRDI QIDQ5075353zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Jim Bryan, Ádám Gyenge

Publication date 13 May 2022

Published in Épijournal de Géométrie Algébrique (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1907.01535

zbMATH Keywords

\(K3\) surfacesgroup actionsHilbert schemesmodular forms

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Fourier coefficients of automorphic forms (11F30) Parametrization (Chow and Hilbert schemes) (14C05) (K3) surfaces and Enriques surfaces (14J28) Holomorphic symplectic varieties, hyper-Kähler varieties (14J42)

Abstract: Let $X$ be a complex $K3$ surface with an effective action of a group $G$ which preserves the holomorphic symplectic form. Let ${\displaystyle }$ Z_{X,G}(q) = sum_{n=0}^{infty} eleft(operatorname{Hilb}^{n}(X)^{G} ight), q^{n-1} ${\displaystyle }$ be the generating function for the Euler characteristics of the Hilbert schemes of $G$-invariant length $n$ subschemes. We show that its reciprocal, $Z_{X,G}(q{)}^{-1}$ is the Fourier expansion of a modular cusp form of weight $frac12e(X/G)$ for the congruence subgroup $Gamm{a}_0(|G|)$. We give an explicit formula for $Z_{X,G}$ in terms of the Dedekind eta function for all 82 possible $(X,G)$. The key intermediate result we prove is of independent interest: it establishes an eta product identity for a certain shifted theta function of the root lattice of a simply laced root system. We extend our results to various refinements of the Euler characteristic, namely the Elliptic genus, the Chi-$y$ genus, and the motivic class.

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(4)

• \(G\)-invariant Hilbert schemes on abelian surfaces and enumerative geometry of the orbifold Kummer surface
• Rigid ideal sheaves and modular forms
• Hilbert schemes of points on smooth projective surfaces and generalized Kummer varieties with finite group actions
• Zeta functions of orders on surfaces

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