The enumerative geometry of K3 surfaces and modular forms
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The enumerative geometry of $K3$ surfaces and modular forms
\(K3\) surfacesholomorphic curvenumber of curvespoint constantssymplectic invariantstwistor familiesvirtual class
(K3) surfaces and Enriques surfaces (14J28) Enumerative problems (combinatorial problems) in algebraic geometry (14N10) Gromov-Witten invariants, quantum cohomology, Gopakumar-Vafa invariants, Donaldson-Thomas invariants (algebro-geometric aspects) (14N35) Gromov-Witten invariants, quantum cohomology, Frobenius manifolds (53D45)
Abstract: We prove the conjectures of Yau-Zaslow and Gottsche concerning the number curves on K3 surfaces. Specifically, let X be a K3 surface and C be a holomorphic curve in X representing a primitive homology class. We count the number of curves of geometric genus g with n nodes passing through g generic points in X in the linear system |C| for any g and n satisfying C^2=2g+2n-2. When g=0, this coincides with the enumerative problem studied by Yau and Zaslow who obtained a conjectural generating function for the numbers. Recently, Gottsche has generalized their conjecture to arbitrary g in terms of quasi-modular forms. We prove these formulas using Gromov-Witten invariants for families, a degeneration argument, and an obstruction bundle computation. Our methods also apply to P^2 blown up at 9 points where we show that the ordinary Gromov-Witten invariants of genus g constrained to g points are also given in terms of quasi-modular forms.
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