Integral Van Vleck's and Kannappan's functional equations on semigroups

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Abstract: In this paper we study the solutions of the integral Van Vleck's functional equation for the sine int_{S}f(x au(y)t)dmu(t)-int_{S}f(xyt)dmu(t) =2f(x)f(y),; x,yin S and the integral Kannappan's functional equation int_{S}f(xyt)dmu(t)+int_{S}f(x au(y)t)dmu(t) =2f(x)f(y),; x,yin S, where S is a semigroup, au is an involution of S and mu is a measure that is linear combinations of point measures (deltazi)iinI, such that for all iinI, zi is contained in the center of S. \ We express the solutions of the first equation by means of multiplicative functions on S, and we prove that the solutions of the second equation are closely related to the solutions of the classic d'Alembert's functional equation with involution.


\textit{H. Stetkær} [ibid. 90, No. 1, 25--34 (2016; Zbl 1348.39013)] found the complex-valued solution of Van Vleck's functional equation \(f(xy^{-1}z_0) - f(xyz_0) = 2f(x)f(y)\) for each \( x, y \in G\), when \(G\) is a not necessarily an abelian group and \(z_0\) is a fixed element in the center of \(G\). \textit{A. M. Perkins} and \textit{P. K. Sahoo} [ibid. 89, No. 5, 1251--1263 (2015; Zbl 1333.39025)] replaced the group inversion by an involution \(\tau:G\to G\) and they obtained the abelian, complex-valued solutions of the equation \(f(x\tau(y)z_0) - f(xyz_0) = 2f(x)f(y)\) for each \( x, y \in G\). In this paper, the author extends Stetkær's results to the following generalizations of Van Vleck's functional equation for the sine \(\int_S f(x \tau(y)t)d\mu(t) -\int_S f(xyt)d\mu(t) = 2f(x)f(y)\) for each \( x, y \in S\) and of Kannappan's functional equation \(\int_S f(x yt)d\mu(t) +\int_S f(x\tau(y)t)d\mu(t) = 2f(x)f(y)\) for each \( x, y \in S\), where \(S\) is a semigroup, \(\tau\) is an involution of \(S\) and \(\mu\) is a measure that is a linear combination of point measures \((\delta_{z_i})_{i\in I}\) , with \(z_i\) contained in the center of \(S\) for all \(i \in I\).











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