Borel complexity of sets of normal numbers via generic points in subshifts with specification

DOI10.1090/TRAN/8001MaRDI QIDQ5114741zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors

Publication date 25 June 2020

Published in Transactions of the American Mathematical Society (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1811.04450

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Normal numbers, radix expansions, Pisot numbers, Salem numbers, good lattice points, etc. (11K16) Descriptive set theory (03E15) Connections of number theory and logic (11U99)

Abstract: We study the Borel complexity of sets of normal numbers in several numeration systems. Taking a dynamical point of view, we offer a unified treatment for continued fraction expansions and base $r$ expansions, and their various generalisations: generalised L"uroth series expansions and $$-expansions. In fact, we consider subshifts over a countable alphabet generated by all possible expansions of numbers in $[0,1)$. Then normal numbers correspond to generic points of shift-invariant measures. It turns out that for these subshifts the set of generic points for a shift-invariant probability measure is precisely at the third level of the Borel hierarchy (it is a $P{i}_3^0$-complete set, meaning that it is a countable intersection of $F_{s}igma$-sets, but it is not possible to write it as a countable union of $G_{d}elta$-sets). We also solve a problem of Sharkovsky--Sivak on the Borel complexity of the basin of statistical attraction. The crucial dynamical feature we need is a feeble form of specification. All expansions named above generate subshifts with this property. Hence the sets of normal numbers under consideration are $P{i}_3^0$-complete.

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Cited in

(7)

• Generic point equivalence and Pisot numbers
• DESCRIPTIVE COMPLEXITY IN CANTOR SERIES
• Borel complexity of sets of normal numbers via generic points in subshifts with specification
• Borel complexity of the set of typical numbers
• Some complexity results in the theory of normal numbers
• Non-normal numbers in dynamical systems fulfilling the specification property
• Introducing Minkowski normality

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