On density of ergodic measures and generic points

Ergodicity, mixing, rates of mixing (37A25) Dynamical systems involving transformations and group actions with special properties (minimality, distality, proximality, expansivity, etc.) (37B05) Symbolic dynamics (37B10) Dynamical systems of geometric origin and hyperbolicity (geodesic and horocycle flows, etc.) (37D40)

Abstract: We provide conditions which guarantee that ergodic measures are dense in the simplex of invariant probability measures of a dynamical system given by a continuous map acting on a Polish space. Using them we study generic properties of invariant measures and prove that every invariant measure has a generic point. In the compact case, density of ergodic measures means that the simplex of invariant measures is either a singleton of a measure concentrated on a single periodic orbit or the Poulsen simplex. Our properties focus on the set of periodic points and we introduce two concepts: close-ability with respect to a set of periodic points and linkability of a set of periodic points. Examples are provided to show that these are independent properties. They hold, for example, for systems having the periodic specification property. But they hold also for a much wider class of systems which contains, for example, irreducible Markov chains over a countable alphabet, all

-shifts, all

S

-gap shifts,

C^{1}

-generic diffeomorphisms of a compact manifold

M

, and certain geodesic flows of a complete connected negatively curved manifold.

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