Models of zero-range interaction for the bosonic trimer at unitarity

DOI10.1142/S0129055X21500100zbMATH Open1499.81047arXiv2006.02426OpenAlexW3034081048MaRDI QIDQ5156085FDOQ5156085

Authors: A. Michelangeli 

Publication date: 14 October 2021

Published in: Reviews in Mathematical Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: We present the mathematical construction of the physically relevant quantum Hamiltonians for a three-body systems consisting of identical bosons mutually coupled by a two-body interaction of zero range. For a large part of the presentation, infinite scattering length will be considered (the unitarity regime). The subject has several precursors in the mathematical literature. We proceed through an operator-theoretic construction of the self-adjoint extensions of the minimal operator obtained by restricting the free Hamiltonian to wave-functions that vanish in the vicinity of the coincidence hyperplanes: all extensions thus model an interaction precisely supported at the spatial configurations where particles come on top of each other. Among them, we select the physically relevant ones, by implementing in the operator construction the presence of the specific short-scale structure suggested by formal physical arguments that are ubiquitous in the physical literature on zero-range methods. This is done by applying at different stages the self-adjoint extension schemes a la Kre{ui}n-Viv{s}ik-Birman and a la von Neumann. We produce a class of canonical models for which we also analyse the structure of the negative bound states. Bosonicity and zero range combined together make such canonical models display the typical Thomas and Efimov spectra, i.e., sequence of energy eigenvalues accumulating to both minus infinity and zero. We also discuss a type of regularisation that prevents such spectral instability while retaining an effective short-scale pattern. Beside the operator qualification, we also present the associated energy quadratic forms. We structured our analysis so as to clarify certain steps of the operator-theoretic construction that are notoriously subtle for the correct identification of a domain of self-adjointness.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.02426

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zbMATH Keywords

Mellin transformunitary gasesquadratic formsscattering lengthzero-range interactionBethe-Peierls contact conditionquantum three-body problemKreĭn-Višik-Birman self-adjoint extension theoryTer-Martirosyan Skorniakov asymptoticsvon Neumann's self-adjoint extension theory

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Operations with distributions and generalized functions (46F10) Applications of functional analysis to differential and integral equations (46N20) Applications of functional analysis in quantum physics (46N50) Linear symmetric and selfadjoint operators (unbounded) (47B25) Applications of operator theory in the physical sciences (47N50) Selfadjoint operator theory in quantum theory, including spectral analysis (81Q10) Three-body problems (70F07) (n)-body potential quantum scattering theory (81U10) Elliptic operators and their generalizations (47F10) Integral equations with miscellaneous special kernels (45H05)

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