Force networks, torque balance and airy stress in the planar vertex model of a confluent epithelium
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Publication:5160932
DOI10.1098/RSPA.2019.0716zbMATH Open1472.92096arXiv1910.10799OpenAlexW3014658036WikidataQ96230431 ScholiaQ96230431MaRDI QIDQ5160932FDOQ5160932
Authors: Emma Johns, Sarah Woolner, Oliver E. Jensen 
Publication date: 29 October 2021
Published in: Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences (Search for Journal in Brave)
Abstract: The vertex model is a popular framework for modelling tightly packed biological cells, such as confluent epithelia. Cells are described by convex polygons tiling the plane and their equilibrium is found by minimizing a global mechanical energy, with vertex locations treated as degrees of freedom. Drawing on analogies with granular materials, we describe the force network for a localized monolayer and derive the corresponding discrete Airy stress function, expressed for each -sided cell as scalars defined over kites covering the cell. We show how a torque balance (commonly overlooked in implementations of the vertex model) requires each internal vertex to lie at the orthocentre of the triangle formed by neighbouring edge centroids. Torque balance also places a geometric constraint on the stress in the neighbourhood of cellular trijunctions, and requires cell edges to be orthogonal to the links of a dual network that connect neighbouring cell centres and thereby triangulate the monolayer. We show how the Airy stress function depends on cell shape when a standard energy functional is adopted, and discuss implications for computational implementations of the model.
Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.10799
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Cited In (6)
- Equilibrium mechanics of monolayered epithelium
- The role of topology and mechanics in uniaxially growing cell networks
- Derivation of continuum models from discrete models of mechanical forces in cell populations
- Force-driven growth of intercellular junctions
- Relating cell shape and mechanical stress in a spatially disordered epithelium using a vertex-based model
- Collective motion of epithelial cells in tissues and the active vertex model
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