Regularized potentials of Schrödinger operators and a local landscape function

Publication date 15 November 2021

Abstract: We study localization properties of low-lying eigenfunctions

(-Delta +V) phi = lambda phi qquad mbox{in}~Omega

for rapidly varying potentials

V

in bounded domains

O m e g a s u b s e t m a t h b b R^{d}

. Filoche & Mayboroda introduced the landscape function

(- D e l t a + V) u = 1

and showed that the function

u

has remarkable properties: localized eigenfunctions prefer to localize in the local maxima of

u

. Arnold, David, Filoche, Jerison & Mayboroda showed that

1 / u

arises naturally as the potential in a related equation. Motivated by these questions, we introduce a one-parameter family of regularized potentials

V_{t}

that arise from convolving

V

with the radial kernel

V_t(x) = V * left( frac{1}{t} int_0^t frac{ expleft( - |cdot|^2/ (4s) ight)}{(4 pi s )^{d/2}} ds ight).

We prove that for eigenfunctions

(- D e l t a + V) p h i = l a m b d a p h i

this regularization

V_{t}

is, in a precise sense, the canonical effective potential on small scales. The landscape function

u

respects the same type of regularization. This allows allows us to derive landscape-type functions out of solutions of the equation

(- D e l t a + V) u = f

for a general right-hand side

f : O m e g a i g h t a r r o w m a t h b b R_{> 0}

.

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