Higher dimensional algebra. VII: Groupoidification

zbMATH Open1229.18003arXiv0908.4305MaRDI QIDQ5200286FDOQ5200286

Authors: John Baez, Alexander E. Hoffnung, Christopher D. Walker 

Publication date: 1 August 2011

Abstract: Groupoidification is a form of categorification in which vector spaces are replaced by groupoids, and linear operators are replaced by spans of groupoids. We introduce this idea with a detailed exposition of "degroupoidification": a systematic process that turns groupoids and spans into vector spaces and linear operators. Then we present three applications of groupoidification. The first is to Feynman diagrams. The Hilbert space for the quantum harmonic oscillator arises naturally from degroupoidifying the groupoid of finite sets and bijections. This allows for a purely combinatorial interpretation of creation and annihilation operators, their commutation relations, field operators, their normal-ordered powers, and finally Feynman diagrams. The second application is to Hecke algebras. We explain how to groupoidify the Hecke algebra associated to a Dynkin diagram whenever the deformation parameter q is a prime power. We illustrate this with the simplest nontrivial example, coming from the A2 Dynkin diagram. In this example we show that the solution of the Yang-Baxter equation built into the A2 Hecke algebra arises naturally from the axioms of projective geometry applied to the projective plane over the finite field with q elements. The third application is to Hall algebras. We explain how the standard construction of the Hall algebra from the category of representations of a simply-laced quiver can be seen as an example of degroupoidification. This in turn provides a new way to categorify - or more precisely, groupoidify - the positive part of the quantum group associated to the quiver.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/0908.4305

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zbMATH Keywords

categorificationgroupoidHecke algebraquantum theoryHall algebra

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Quantum groups (quantized enveloping algebras) and related deformations (17B37) Quantum groups and related algebraic methods applied to problems in quantum theory (81R50) Feynman diagrams (81T18) Representations of quivers and partially ordered sets (16G20) Groupoids, semigroupoids, semigroups, groups (viewed as categories) (18B40) Hecke algebras and their representations (20C08)

Cited In (30)

• A parallel section functor for 2-vector bundles
• The Hecke bicategory
• The categorified Heisenberg algebra. I: A combinatorial representation.
• Homotopy linear algebra
• A GNS construction of three-dimensional abelian Dijkgraaf-Witten theories
• Quantum Schur algebras revisited.
• Counting using Hall algebras. I: Quivers.
• 't Hooft anomalies of discrete gauge theories and non-abelian group cohomology
• Frobenius objects in the category of spans
• Tambara-Yamagami, loop groups, bundles and KK-theory
• Groupoid cardinality and Egyptian fractions
• Topological quantum field theories and homotopy cobordisms
• The incidence comodule bialgebra of the Baez-Dolan construction
• Groupoids and Faà di Bruno formulae for Green functions in bialgebras of trees.
• Anomalies and bosonization
• Dimensional reduction, extended topological field theories and orbifoldization
• Constructions of (2,n)-varieties of groupoids for n = 7, 8, 9
• A pair of homotopy-theoretic version of TQFT’s induced by a Brown functor
• Decomposition spaces, incidence algebras and Möbius inversion. I: Basic theory
• Decomposition spaces, incidence algebras and Möbius inversion. II: Completeness, length filtration, and finiteness
• On planarity of graphs in homotopy type theory
• Data types with symmetries and polynomial functors over groupoids
• Higher categorical aspects of Hall algebras
• Orbifold construction for topological field theories
• Borel and continuous systems of measures
• Frobenius and commutative pseudomonoids in the bicategory of spans
• Two-vector spaces and groupoids
• A groupoidification of the fermion algebra
• On analytic groupoid cardinality
• Cohomological twisting of 2-linearization and extended TQFT

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