Riccati equations and polynomial dynamics over function fields

DOI10.1090/TRAN/7855MaRDI QIDQ5217875zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Wade Hindes, Rafe Jones

Publication date 26 February 2020

Published in Transactions of the American Mathematical Society (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1710.04332

zbMATH Keywords

Riccati equationsfunction fieldspolynomial dynamics

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Galois theory (11R32) Rational points (14G05) Dynamical systems over global ground fields (37P15)

Abstract: Given a function field $K$ and $phiinK[x]$, we study two finiteness questions related to iteration of $phi$: whether all but finitely many terms of an orbit of $phi$ must possess a primitive prime divisor, and whether the Galois groups of iterates of $phi$ must have finite index in their natural overgroup $extAut(T_d)$, where $T_d$ is the infinite tree of iterated preimages of $0$ under $phi$. We focus particularly on the case where $K$ has characteristic $p$, where far less is known. We resolve the first question in the affirmative under relatively weak hypotheses; interestingly, the main step in our proof is to rule out "Riccati differential equations" in backwards orbits. We then apply our result on primitive prime divisors and adapt a method of Looper to produce a family of polynomials for which the second question has an affirmative answer; these are the first non-isotrivial examples of such polynomials. We also prove that almost all quadratic polynomials over $mathbbQ(t)$ have iterates whose Galois group is all of $extAut(T_d)$.

Recommendations

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Cited in

(5)

• Galois groups and prime divisors in random quadratic sequences
• Isotriviality, integral points, and primitive primes in orbits in characteristic \(p\)
• Dynamical height growth: left, right, and total orbits
• Stochastic canonical heights
• An equivariant isomorphism theorem for mod \(\mathfrak{p}\) reductions of arboreal Galois representations

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