Riccati equations and polynomial dynamics over function fields

DOI10.1090/TRAN/7855zbMATH Open1457.11153arXiv1710.04332OpenAlexW2964332149WikidataQ128134043 ScholiaQ128134043MaRDI QIDQ5217875FDOQ5217875

Authors: Wade Hindes, Rafe Jones 

Publication date: 26 February 2020

Published in: Transactions of the American Mathematical Society (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: Given a function field $K$ and $phiinK[x]$, we study two finiteness questions related to iteration of $phi$: whether all but finitely many terms of an orbit of $phi$ must possess a primitive prime divisor, and whether the Galois groups of iterates of $phi$ must have finite index in their natural overgroup $extAut(T_d)$, where $T_d$ is the infinite tree of iterated preimages of $0$ under $phi$. We focus particularly on the case where $K$ has characteristic $p$, where far less is known. We resolve the first question in the affirmative under relatively weak hypotheses; interestingly, the main step in our proof is to rule out "Riccati differential equations" in backwards orbits. We then apply our result on primitive prime divisors and adapt a method of Looper to produce a family of polynomials for which the second question has an affirmative answer; these are the first non-isotrivial examples of such polynomials. We also prove that almost all quadratic polynomials over $mathbbQ(t)$ have iterates whose Galois group is all of $extAut(T_d)$.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1710.04332

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zbMATH Keywords

Riccati equationsfunction fieldspolynomial dynamics

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Galois theory (11R32) Rational points (14G05) Dynamical systems over global ground fields (37P15)

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Cited In (5)

• Galois groups and prime divisors in random quadratic sequences
• Isotriviality, integral points, and primitive primes in orbits in characteristic \(p\)
• Dynamical height growth: left, right, and total orbits
• Stochastic canonical heights
• An equivariant isomorphism theorem for mod \(\mathfrak{p}\) reductions of arboreal Galois representations

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