From Schoenberg coefficients to Schoenberg functions
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Publication:524409
DOI10.1007/S00365-016-9323-9zbMATH Open1362.43004arXiv1505.05682OpenAlexW2171258358MaRDI QIDQ524409FDOQ524409
Authors: Christian Berg, Emilio Porcu 
Publication date: 2 May 2017
Published in: Constructive Approximation (Search for Journal in Brave)
Abstract: In his seminal paper, Schoenberg (1942) characterized the class P(S^d) of continuous functions f:[-1,1] o R such that f(cos heta) is positive definite over the product space S^d imes S^d, with S^d being the unit sphere of R^{d+1} and heta being the great circle distance. In this paper, we consider the product space S^d imes G, for G a locally compact group, and define the class P(S^d, G) of continuous functions f:[-1,1] imes G o C such that f(cos heta, u^{-1}cdot v) is positive definite on S^d imes S^d imes G imes G. This offers a natural extension of Schoenberg's Theorem. Schoenberg's second theorem corresponding to the Hilbert sphere S^infty is also extended to this context. The case G=R is of special importance for probability theory and stochastic processes, because it characterizes completely the class of space-time covariance functions where the space is the sphere, being an approximation of Planet Earth.
Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1505.05682
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